Croce의 歷史哲學 = B. Croce's Philosophy of History

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

B. Croce(1866-1952), the best-known Italian philosoper of this century. He gained an international reputation in fields of aesthetics, literary criticism, cultural history, and historical methodolgy.
In addition to Hegel the most powerful intellectual forces in his life were his countrymen Giambattista Vico and Francesco de Sanctis. Along with Hegel they represent Croce's three great interests : philosophy, history, and literature. And his intellectual development has been almost dialectical in the hegelian sense. The truth presumably lay in his own synthesis, his own philosophical history of historical philosophy, and this he expounded in a series of four volumes, which are all parts of a general work called Philosophy of Spirit, and they deal in order aesthetics, logic, economic and ethics, history. Croce is an idealist who believes that reality or the subject matter of our thinking is mind, life, or spirit. He is trying to say that we can only be sure of the existence of mental or spiritual activity and that any postulation of what he calls a transcendent entity is unjustified. After identifying spiritual activity as the subject-matter of philosophy Croce distinguishes between intellectual activity, whose two forms are intuition and abstraction, and practical activity, whose two forms are economic and ethical activity.
Croce said that history is the concrete study of the spirit, of life, of human activity, and it employs all of the four forms to which we have just referred. It is therefore the grandest and deepest discipline of all and identical with philosophy itself. The true historian must understand evaluate the events he studies and in doing so he becomes a philosopher. In understanding and evaluating them he must re-enact them, relive them, in a way that leads Croce to say that all history is contemporary history.
He draws a sharp distinction between the concepts of science and the concepts of philosophy. The concepts of philosophy are functions of thought, universal and necessary, on the contrary the concepts of science are arbitrary constructions.
In this respect we are to consider the relation between history, science, and philosophy. Science Croce identifies with the generalising activity of the mind. History is the internal and individual understanding of an object into which the mind so enters that subject and object can be no longer separated. In the relation of philosophy and history(idealistic view), and philosophy is a component part of history (naturalistic view).
Croce has thus vindicated the autonomy of history. History is philosophical history because it contains philosophy inside itself in the shape of predicated to its judgement. And within the concrete whole which is historical knowledge, philosophical knowledge is a component part. Consequently Croce defines philosophy as the methodology of history.
Spite of his systematic theory and uniqueness he was criticized in many respects; the concept of history, his absolute idealism, dualism, a kind of philosophical suicide, etc.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序 論
• Ⅱ. Croce思想의 體系
• Ⅲ. 藝術, 科學, 歷史
• Ⅳ. 哲學과 歷史
• Ⅴ. 觀念的 歷史觀
• Ⅵ. 結論-Croce思想에 대한 批判