국내 일부 오염 토양 및 퇴적물 내 토착 미생물에 의한 중금속의 지구화학적 거동 연구 = Study on Geochemical Behavior of Heavy Metals by Indigenous Bacteria in Contaminated Soil and Sediment

국문 초록 (Abstract)

지하 심부 토양 및 퇴적물 내 토착 미생물의 활성화에 따른 중금속 거동을 이해하기 위하여, 독성 중금속으로 오염된 국내 일부 지역의 시료를 대상으로 혐기적 환경에서 유산염(lactate)을 탄소원으로 투입한 후 약 25일간에 걸친 비소 및 중금속(카드뮴, 구리, 납, 아연) 함량 변화를 관찰하였다. 실험 결과, 미생물이 투입된 시료의 경우 미생물이 투입되지 않은 비교시료에 비하여 용존 카드뮴, 납, 아연이 효과적으로 제거되었으며, 이는 토착 황산염 환원(sulfate-reducing) 박테리아의 활성화로 인해 생성된 환원상태의 황이 이들 중금속과 황화물을 형성하며 침전시켰기 때문으로 여겨진다. 비소의 경우, 미생물을 투입한 시료 중 황산염의 함량이 높은 덕음 토양에서는 제거율이 높은 반면 황산염의 함량이 상대적으로 낮은 화북 토양, 동두천 퇴적물에서는 지속적으로 그 함량이 증가하였다. 적절한 탄소원 및 황산염을 투입해 독성 중금속으로 오염된 지질 매체 내의 토착 미생물을 활성화시킨다면 이들 중금속의 원위치(in situ) 고정화를 통한 이동도 감소의 효과를 볼 수 있을 것으로 여겨지나, 비소로 동시에 오염된 경우 발생할 수 있는 비소 용출 가능성에 대한 고려가 필요하다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Microbial control of the geochemical behavior of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and As in contaminated subsurface soil and sediment was investigated through activation of indigenous bacteria with lactate under anaerobic condition for 25 days. The results indicated that dissolved Cd, Pb and Zn were microbially removed from solutions, which was likely due to the formation of metal sulfides after reduction of sulfate by indigenous sulfate-reducing bacteria. Soils from the Dukeum mine containing a large amount of sulfate resulted in complete removal of dissolved As after 25 days by microbial activities, while there were gradual increases in dissolved As concentration in soils from the Hwabuk mine and sediments from the Dongducheon industrial area which showed low $SO_4{^2-}$ concentrations. Addition of appropriate carbon sources and sulfate to contaminated geological media may lead to activation of indigenous bacteria and thus in situ stabilization of the heavy metals; however, potential of As release into solution after the amendment should be preferentially investigated.

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