부가가치 평가의 특징 및 우리나라 교사평가에 대한 적용가능성 검토 = A review of the characteristics of Value Added Model for teacher evaluation, and its applicabilities in Korea

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문에서는 최근 교사평가에 적용되고 있는 부가가치 평가의 특징을 살펴본 후, 이를 우리나라 교사평가에 대해 적용가능한지, 한계는 무엇인지를 논의하였다. 부가가치 평가는 교사에 대한 책무성 강화, 학생의 학업성취도에 대한 교사의 영향력 확인, 정교하고 세련된 연구방법론의 발전에 따라 등장하였으며, 교사가 학생의 학습에 미치는 순수한 가치를 분석하여 이를 교사평가에 반영한다는 특징을 지닌다. 아울러 현재 우리나라에서 시행 중인 근무성적평정, 성과급지급을 위한 교사평가, 교원능력개발평가의 현황 및 문제점을 분석하였으며, 이를 토대로 부가가지 평가의 적용가능성과 한계를 논의하였다. 마지막으로 우리나라 교사평가에 대한 재구조화, 책무성 제고를 목적으로 하는 교사평가에 대한 부가가치 평가의 도입 검토, 부가가치 평가에 대한 한계의 인식 및 제한적 적용을 결론으로 제시하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this article is to review the characteristics of Value-Added Model(VAM) for teacher evaluation, and to search out applicabilities and limitations in Korea. VAM is defined as any methods of analysing student test data to ascertain students` growth in leaning by comparing students` current level of learning to their own past learning. VAM emerges as a result of calling for more stronger accountability, teacher effectiveness affecting academic growth, and development of complex statistical procedures. In United States, a lot of states and local school district have implemented VAM, and have provided teachers with incentives or sanctions. The major findings of this paper are as follows. First, it`s necessary to re-structure teacher evaluation system in alliance with evaluation goals. Second, we might introduce VAM into Korean teacher evaluation. But we always have its malfunctions in mind. VAM is likely to misjudge the effectiveness of teachers and could produce incorrect generalizations about their characteristics. Third, VAM may be imperfect, so are evaluations not based on student outcomes, as well as other methods that consider outcomes in other way. VAM does provide a better tool to focus on student academic growth and sophisticated way to evaluate teachers. So administrators do what they have tried to do. But we have cautious to adopt VAM for teacher evaluations because it has a lot of shortcomings.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 강상진, "초·중등학교의 교육정보공시제 안착방안 정책연구" 교육과학기술부 2008

2 김이경, "성장중심 교사평가제 탐색: 교원의 인식을 중심으로" 한국교육학회 43 (43): 157-183, 2005

3 전제상, "다원적 교원평가제의 일원화 가능성 및 방안 탐색" 한국교원교육학회 26 (26): 387-410, 2009

4 서울대학교교육연구소 편, "교육학용어사전" 하우 1994

5 최성욱, "교육평가의 내재성과 외재성" 3 (3): 39-76, 1998

6 전제상, "교원평가제의 한계와 개선방안" 3 : 4-24, 2004

7 진동섭, "교원평가에 관한 교원 인식 연구" 서울대학교 사범대학 (56) : 1-35, 1998

8 신상명, "교원평가 이론 모형의 확장 논의" 38 (38): 19-43, 2000

9 정수현, "교원의 전문성과 책무성에 근거한 교원평가제도의 타당성 평가" 한국초등교육학회 21 (21): 409-434, 2008

10 교육과학기술부, "교원능력개발평가 표준매뉴얼" 2010

11 김도기, "교원능력개발평가 실시 원칙의 비판적 검토: 교직의 특성을 중심으로" 한국교육행정학회 26 (26): 343-367, 2008

12 교육인적자원부, "교원능력개발평가 법제화 추진 관련 정책설명 참고자료" 2007

13 이종재, "교원 인사제도의 쟁점과 개선 방향: 교원 인사제도 혁신 방안 수립을 위한 공청회 자료집" 한국교육개발원 2004

14 박상완, "교사평가에 관한 교원의 인식에 나타난 학교조직의 특성" 한국초등교육학회 19 (19): 261-292, 2006

15 Meyer, R. H., "Value-added indicators of school performance. in: Improving America's schools: The role of incentives" National Academy Press 197-223, 1996

16 Harris, D. N., "Value-added assessing teachers' contributions to student achievement. in: A handbook of teacher assessment and the quest for teacher quality" John Wiley & Sons, Inc 251-282, 2010

17 Evergreen Freedom Foundation, "Value added assessment. in: School Directors' Handbook, VA-1"

18 Sanders, W. L., "Value added assessment" 11 (11): 24-27, 1998

19 Braun, H. I., "Using student progress to evaluate teachers: A primer on value-added models" Educational Testing Service 2005

20 Carey, K., "The real value of teachers: Using new information about teacher effectiveness to close the achievement gap" 8 : 3-42, 2004

21 Stiggins, R. J., "The case for commitment to teacher growth: Research on teacher evaluation" State University of New York Press 1988

22 Herszenhorn, D. M., "Test scores to be used to analyze school's roles" New York Times 2005

23 Harris, D. N., "Teacher training, teacher quality, and student achievement. in: National Center for the Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research" Urban Institute 2007

24 Schacter, J., "Teacher performance-based accountability: Why, what and how" Milken Family Foundation. 2001

25 Shinkfield, A. J., "Teacher evaluation: Guide to effective practice" Kluwer Academic Publishers 1995

26 Peterson, K. D., "Teacher evaluation: A comprehensive guide to new directions and practices" Corwin Press, INC 2000

27 Danielson, C., "Teacher evaluation to enhance professional practice" Educational Testing Service 2000

28 Darling-Hammond, L., "Teacher evaluation in transition: Emerging roles and evolving methods. in: The New -Handbook of Teacher Evaluation" Sage Publications, Inc 17-32, 1990

29 Wright, S. P., "Teacher and classroom context effects on student achievement: Implications for teacher evaluation" 11 : 57-67, 1997

30 Porter, A. C., "Synthesis of research on good teaching: Insights from the work of the Institute for Research on Teaching" 45 (45): 74-85, 1988

31 Figlio, D. N., "School accountability and student achievement. in: Handbook of research in education finance and policy" Routledge 2008

32 Toch, T., "Rush to judgement: Teacher evaluation in public education" Education Sector 2008

33 Webstr, W. J., "Rewarding effective schools" 24-28, 1997

34 Adams, Jr. J. E., "New demand and concepts for educational accountability: Striving for results in an ear of excellent. in: Handbook of research on educational administration" Jossey-Bass Publishers 1999

35 Lissitz, R. W., "Growth modeling, value added modeling and linking: An introduction. in: Longitudinal and value-added models of student performance" JAM Press 1-46, 2006

36 Summers, A. A., "Expert measures" Education Next 16-19, 2002

37 McCaffrey, D. F., "Evaluating value-added models for teacher accountability" RAND 2003

38 Howard, B B., "Evaluating experienced teachers" 58 (58): 48-51, 2001

39 Wheeler, P. H., "Building the foundation: Teacher roles and responsibilities. in: Evaluating teaching: A guide to current thinking and best practice" Corwin Press 1997

40 Lee, K. H., "Building Value-Added assessment into Michigan's accountability system: Lessons from other states" The Education Policy Center at Michigan State University 2002

41 Millman, J., "Beginnings and introduction. in: Grading teachers, grading schools: Is student achievement a valid measure?" Corwin Press, Inc 3-10, 1997

42 Schatz, C. J., "Balancing accountability and improvement. in: Value-added models in education: Theory and practice" JAM Press 1-18, 2005

43 Linn, R. L., "Assessments and accountability" 29 (29): 4-14, 2004

44 Anderson, M., "Accountability? For schools, yes; for teachers, no. The Commercial Appeal, 30"

45 Bianchi, A. B., "A new look at accountability: Value-added assessment" 1 (1): 1-4, 2003

46 교육과학기술부, "2010년 교육공무원 성과상여금 지급 지침" 2010