作期移動에 따른 水稻 F₂世代의 登熟特性 分離樣相의 變化 = Different Mode of Segregation in Late-Season Cultur in the Characters Associated with Grain Filling in F₂Progenies of the Rice Plants

국문 초록 (Abstract)

水稻의 品種育成上 Indica×Japonica 交雜種에 있어서 多數性 및 收量 安全性 向上을 위해 必要한 登熟期間 중 葉身의 老化와 登熟과의 關係를 밝히고자, 早生統一, 水原 264號, T(N)1을 母木으로 하는 3組合의 F₂集團을 適期栽培와 晩期栽培였고, 各 栽培時期別 組合當 1000個體씩을 供試하여 出穗以後 登熟期間中의 葉綠素含量, 葉面積, 粒重發特性 關係形質을 調査하였다.
1. 出穗期 葉綠素含量은 全般的으로 適期栽培보다 晩期栽培에서 낮았으며, 適期에서는 組合間 平均差異가 없고 變異係數는 早生統一/T(N)1, 水原 264/T(N)1 및 早生統一/水原 264가 各各 15.4, 15.3, 17.4%이었고, 晩期栽培에서는 變異係數가 24.1, 16.4, 19.6%이었으며, 晩期栽培에서는 葉綠素含量이 높은 個體數가 적었다.
出穗後 30日의 葉綠素含量은 適期에서 早生統一/T(N)1, 水原 264/T(N)1, 早生統一/水原 264의 平均이 3.03, 2.71, 2.96㎎/g dry wt.이었고, 變異係數가 28.5 34.6 33.5%이였으며, 晩期栽培에서는 平均이 2.23, 2.30, 2.48㎎/g dry wt. 變異係數가 39.2, 32.7, 28.3%이었다.
2. 出穗期의 葉面積은 適期와 晩期의 分布 差異가 없었고, 組合間에 差異가 없었다. 出穗後 30日의 葉面積은 變異係數가 早生統一/T(N)1, 水原 264//T(N)1 및 早生統一/水原 264의 各組合에서 適期는 27.1, 18.4, 21.8%이었고 晩期에서는 21.0, 18.4, 22.4%이었고, 組合間에는 平均間差가 컸다.
3. 出穗後 30日동안 減少된 葉綠少量에 對한 變異係數는 適期栽培에서 早生統一/T(N)1, 水原 264/T(N)1 및 早生統一/水原 264의 各 組合은 28.3, 27.0, 31.7이였고, 晩期栽培에서는 各各 39.9, 35.0, 28.4이었다.
4. 適期栽培에서는 모든 組合이 出穗後 20日, 30日 및 最終粒重의 分布樣相이 비슷하였으나, 晩期栽培에서는 各各 다른 分布樣相을 보였다.
5. 出穗期間은 適期栽培에서 모든 組合들이 25日 程度였고, 早生統一/T(N)1 組合의 平均 出穗日은 다른 두 組合보다 平均 出穗日이 7日程度 빨랐으나, 晩期栽培에서는 그 差異가 적어졌다.
6. 出穗가 늦어진 個體는 葉綠素含量이 낮아지는 傾向이었으나, 出穗가 늦은 個體들 中에서 葉綠素含量이 높은 個體도 많았다.
出穗期의 葉面積은 出穗期와 正의 相關이었는데, 出穗後 30日의 葉面積과 出穗時期와는 適期에서 負의 相關이었고, 晩期에서는 正의 相關이었다.
晩期栽培에서는 出穗가 늦어짐에 따라 葉綠素含量의 減少는 적었고, 葉面積의 減少는 出穗期와 正의 相關關係였다.
7. 出穗期 葉面積과 出穗기 葉綠素含量과는 相關關係가 없었고, 出穗後 30日의 葉綠素含量과 出穗後 30日의 葉面積과는 正의 相關關係였다.
8. 出穗期 葉綠素含量과 出穗期 20日, 30日 및 最終粒重과는 正의 相關關係이었고, 出穗後 30日의 葉綠素含量과 適期栽培의 出穗後 20日, 30日의 粒重과도 正의 相關關係였다.
9. 出穗期의 葉面積과 粒重과는 相關關係가 없었다. 出穗後 30日의 葉面積은 出穗後 30日 및 最終粒重과 正의 相關關係였다.
10. 晩期栽培에서 葉綠素 減少量과 出穗後 30日 및 最終粒重과는 正의 相關關係이었다.
適期 및 晩期栽培에서 모두 葉面積 減少率 및 葉身 老化指數는 出穗後 30日 및 最終粒重과는 負의 相關이었다.
11. 出穗後 20日의 粒重과 乾物蓄積速度와는 가장 높은 相關關係였고, 出穗後 20日의 乾物蓄積程度와 出穗後 30日의 乾物蓄積程度도 正의 相關이 있었다. 그러나 最終粒重과 乾物蓄積程度와는 相關이 없었다.
12. 出穗後 20日에 最終粒重에 하는 個體數는 組合에 따라 다르고 出穗後 20日에 이미 最終粒重에 달하는 個體가 30% 程度되는 組合도 있었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The segregation mode in the late season culture (June 15 transplanting) of chlorophyll content of leaves, and alive leaf area during grain filling period and filling of grains in F₂ progenies of the rice varieties was compared to that in the ordinary season culture (June 5 transplanting) to improve selection method of the cold susceptible IndicaxJaponica rice progenies for better grain filling under cooler climate of ripening. IndicaxJaponica varieties, Josaengtongil and Suwon 264 were crossed each other and with Taichung Native 1; Josaengtongil/T(N) 1, Suwon 264/T(N), and Josaengtongil/Suwon 264. Twentyfour, 10, and 20 F₁ plants from each of the above crosses, Respectively, were grown and harvested in bulk. The 1,000 F₂ individuals per combination were cultured and observed in the field for each seasonal culture. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. At heading, the chlorophyll content was lower in the late season culture than in the ordinary. Differences among the means of chlorophyll content in F₂progenies were not significant in the ordinary season culture, and there were fewer individuals with high chlorophyll content in the late season culture than in the ordinary. The coefficients of variance (C.V.) obtained from the distribution of chlorophyll content at heading in the F₂progenies of Josaengtongil/T(N) 1, Suwon 264/T(N) 1 and Josaengtongil/Suwon 264 were estimated to be 15.4, 15.3, and 17.4% in the ordinary season culture, and 24.1, 26.4 and 19.6% in the late season culture, respectively. At 30 days after heading, each combination averaged 3.03, 2.71, 2.96mg/g. D.M. in the late season culture. The coefficients of variance obtained from the distribution of chlorophyll content at 30 days after heading in each cross were 28.5, 34.6, 33.5% in the ordinary season culture and 39.2, 32.7, 28.3% in the late season culture.
2. At heading, there observed the similar distribution of leaf area in the F₂progenies in both of the ordinary and the late season culture, and no significant differences among means of the leaf area in the F₂progenies. At 30 days after heading, the C.V.s in the three F₂progeny groups were 27.3, 18.4, 21.8% in the ordinary season culture and 21.0, 18.4, 22.4% in the late season culture, showing great differences among means of leaf area in the progenies.
3. For the C.V.s obtained from the distribution of the decreased amount of chlorophyll during 30 days after heading, the three F₂progeny groups, Josaengtongil/T(N) 1, Suwon 264/T(N) 1 and Josaengtongil/Suwon 264, showed 28.3, 27.0, 31.7% in the ordinary season culture and 39.9, 35.0, 28.4% in the late season culture, respectively.
4. In all F₂progenies grain weight at 20 and 30 days after heading and at maturity were similar in mode of segregation in the ordinary season culture, but different in the late season culture.
5. Duration from initial to final heading was about 25 days in all crosses in the ordinary season culture, and average growth duration to head was shorter in the Josaengtongil/T(N) 1 than the other crosses by 7 days in the ordinary season culture, but no difference was observed among the F₂progenies in the late season culture.
6. The chlorophyll content of the individuals tended to decrease with heading date delay, but even among the individuals of late heading, many of them also showed high chlorophyll content. In both cultivated seasons, the leaf area at heading increased significantly with the growth duration to head while the leaf area at 30 days after heading was negatively correlated with the growth duration to head in the ordinary season culture, but positively. in the late seasonculture The decrease in chlorophyll content got smaller with the heading date in the late season culture, and the decrease in leaf area was positively correlated with the heading date.
7. The leaf area at heading showed no significant correlation with the chlorophyll content at heading, while the leaf area at 30 days after heading was positivelycor related to the chlorophyll content at 30 days after heading.
8. In both cultivated seasons, the chlorophyll content at heading was positively correlated with the grain weight at 20 and 30 days after heading, and that at 30 days after heading showed positive relationship with the grain weight at 20 and 30 days after heading only in the ordinary season culture.
9. There was no significant relationship between the leaf area at heading and grain weight, but the leaf area at 30 days after heading was positively correlated with the grain weight at 30 days after heading and at harvest.
10. In the late season culture, the decreased amount of chlorophyll during 30 days after heading showed a positive correlation with the grain weight at 30 days after heading and at harvest. The decrease in leaf area during 30 days after heading and the leaf senescence index were negatively correlated with the grain weight at 30 days after heading and at harvest in both cultivated seasons, each other.
11. There was the highest positive correlation between grain weight and the grain filling rate at 20 days after heading and there was highly positive correlation between the grain weight at 20 days and that at 30 days after heading. But there was no significant correlation between the grain weight at 20 days and 30 days after heading and grain weight at harvest.
12. The number of F₂progenies, which reached the physiological maturity at 20 days after heading, varied with crosses, and in the cross of Josaengtongil/Suwon 264, the fully ripened F₂progenies at 20 days after heading amounted to about 30%.