독일과 한국 자동차 산업의 글로벌가치사슬에 관한 비교연구 = A Comparative Study on the Global Value Chains of the German and Korean Automobile Industry

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문에서는 교역국간의 총수출을 16개의 부가가치 요소로 나누는 Wang-Wei-Zhu 분해법을 이용하여 독일과 한국 자동차 부문의 총 회계 구조를 비교 분석하였다. Wang-Wei-Zhu 분해법은 일련의 분해과정을 통하여 국제 생산 공유의 패턴을 이해하는데 도움이 된다. 자동차 총수출의 16개의 부가가치 요소는 크게 수출에 내재된 국내 부가가치와 해외 부가가치로 나눌 수 있는데, 본 논문에서는 다시 8개의 부가가치 구성요소로 재구성하여 설명하였다. 본 연구에 활용된 자료는 2014년을 기준년으로 2016년에 발표된 세계투입산출표(WIOD)이다. 자동차 생산 세계 순위를 기준으로 세계투입산출표에 포함된 총 43개국 중 14개국을 선정하고 나머지 국가는 기타 국가(ROW)로 통합하여 총 15개국을 연구 대상으로 하였으며, 총 56개 산업은 자동차, 제약, 건설 등 주요 산업과 함께 30개의 산업으로 통합하였다.
분석 결과를 보면 생산자 가격으로 평가한 총 생산량과 중간재 소비와 관련된 부가가치 수출(VAX) 비율이 양국간 큰 차이가 있음에도 불구하고 독일과 한국의 주요 수출국은 미국이다. 독일 자동차 부문의 수직적 특화(VS) 비율은 한국보다 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 독일과 한국 모두 자동차 수출에 있어서 글로벌 공유 양식을 보이고 있는 것은 흥미로운 일이다. 또한 최종 수출품에 포함된 독일의 해외 부가가치 중 캐나다가 차지하는 비중이 가장 높은 것으로 분석된 반면, 최종 수출품에 포함된 한국의 해외 부가가치 중 프랑스가 차지하는 비중이 가장 큰 것으로 분석되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper aims to do a comparative study on the gross accounting structures of the automobile sectors of Germany and Korea using the Wang-Wei-Zhu decomposition method, which splits bilateral gross exports into 16 value-added components. This method assists in producing a series of decomposition results to show how such a structural decomposition can help us to better understand the pattern of international production sharing. These components can broadly be divided into domestic and foreign value-added in exports. The data source is the World Input-Output Database (WIOD), released in 2016, with 2014 as the base year. Fourteen countries out of the 43 countries in the database were selected based on their world rankings in the production of automobiles, and the remainder of countries was aggregated into the rest of the world (ROW), giving a total of 15 countries, while the 56 industries in the database were aggregated into 30 industries with some key industries such as automobiles, pharmaceuticals, construction, and so on.
The results of this analysis show that the principal export destination of both Germany and Korea is the United States, despite the countries’ huge differences in value-added export (VAX) ratios,which could possibly be related to both countries’ gross output and intermediate consumption at purchasers’ prices. The vertical specialization (VS) share of Germany’s automobile sector is greater than that of Korea. Interestingly, both countries follow a global sharing arrangement. Also, a greater share of Germany’s foreign value-added in final exports comes from Canada, while a greater share of Korea’s foreign value-added in final exports originates from France.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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