韓國語 話行動詞의 分析과 分類 : Analysis and Classification = Speech Act Verbs in Korean

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Speech acts are language universal, noncategorial and nondiscrete, whereas speech act verbs are language specific, categorial and discrete. The Korean speech act verbs are typically composed of a two-letter Sino-Korean noun and the native verb hata(e.g. tanen (斷言) hata 'assert').
Semantic/pragmatic criteria for classifying speech acts include mental attitudes (such as intention, belief and wish) of the speech participants, their participation or nonparticipation in the act expressed in the propositional content and their relative hierarchical status along the axis of power and solidarity, which is in part culture-bound but, otherwise, universal.
For a systematic and inductive analysis of the Korean non-perlocutionary speech act verbs, eleven semantic types are set up on the basis of the semantic/pragmatic criteria, while thirteen syntactic types of speech act verbs are subcategorized for. By taking into account both the semantic/pragmatic and syntactic characteristics of the sample Korean speech act verbs, seven types of speech acts are posited and about 400 Korean speech act verbs are looked up,analysed and classed into these speech act types:(1) expositives, (2) interrogatives, (3) directives, (4) exercitives, (5) commissives, (6) expressives, and (7) reportives.
Two problems are noted: subcategorization and overlapping. The subcategorization problem of speech act types is methodological and as such it can be refined and remedied, if found necessary. By contrast, the problem of overlapping, which is evident in the one-to-many correspondences from the domain of speech act verbs to the co-domain of speech act types, is more fundamental; it arises from the mismatch between the discreteness of speech act verbs and the nondiscreteness of speech acts.