연산군 초반 정치적 갈등에 대한 구조적 접근 = A Systemic Approach to the Political Conflicts in the Early days of King Yeonsan-gun’s reign

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Examined in this article is how all the conflicts between the king and the “ThreeOffices(Saheon-bu, Sagan-weon, Hongmun-gwan),” continued during the earlydays of king Yeonsan-gun’s reign, had actually been triggered by an alliance forgedbetween officials who were assigned to the so-called “Seats of Integrity” during kingSeongjong’s reign. These ‘Seats of Integrity’ usually refer to posts inside specific offices that included Hongmun-gwan, Saheon-bu, Sagan-weon, Yemun-gwan, as wellas Nang’gwan officials of the Six Ministries and the Sa’in figures of the Euijeongbuoffice. Governmental officials were required to have experiences serving at theseposts in order to reach the status of a minister in the future. During king Seongjong’sreign, officials serving these posts & offices allied themselves with each other, in anenvironment which witnessed the weakening of a despotic kingship and the king’srespect of elite officials armed with extraordinary literary capacities. These officialsmanaged to reflect their ideas and opinions in the official assignment and appointment process, as well as penal regulations and punishments meant for their owncolleagues. As a result, they were able to consolidate their own alliance and not tomention reinforce their overall influences.
Officials at the Sagan-weon, Saheon-bu and Hongmun-gwan offices were wielding enormous power in the operations of the government, and coming into the reignof king Yeonsan-gun, all these officials’ activities were destined to clash with thenew king and his intentions. Before the Mu’oh-year purge, officials of the Three offices were pushing the king to the very limit, with a variety of issues which in somecases lasted for only a moth but in others lasted even half a year. They were able todo so because an alliance of their own, based upon opinions collected outside thepolitical arena, was providing them with enough momentum, cause and influence.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본고는 연산군 초반 국왕과 三司 사이의 치열한 갈등이 성종대 형성된 ‘청요직연대체제’로 인해 촉발되고 있음을 검토한 연구이다. 청요직이란 홍문관·사헌부·사간원·예문관·육조의 낭관·의정부의사인과 검상과 같은 직임을 가리키는데, 재상에 오르는 과정에서 반드시 거쳐야 했던 핵심 관직들이었다.
청요직들은 성종대 전제적 왕권이 약화되고 문필 능력이 풍부한 엘리트 관료들이 우대되는 분위기 속에서, 홍문관과 대간을 중심으로 연대의 분위기를 조성해 나갔다. 아울러 청요직들의 의견이 반영된 자율적인 인선 방식과 동료들에 대한 제재장치들을 마련하여 연대를 보다 공고하게 유지할 수가 있었다. 관료제 운영에 있어서 청요직들의 영향력을 배가시키는 계기를 만들고 있었던 것이다.
연산군 초반 국왕과 삼사 사이의 격렬한 대립은 이 같이 청요직연대에 기초한 대간과 홍문관의 적극적인 언론 행사가 전개되는 가운데 나타나고 있던 현상이었다. 무오사화 이전 삼사는 짧게는 1개월에서 길게는 5·6개월에 이르기까지 국왕과의 갈등을 극단으로까지 몰아가면서 자신들의 주장을 관철시키고 있었다. 이처럼 삼사가 국왕과 맞서며 극성스러운 언론을 행사할 수 있었던 배경에는 청요직연대체제의 구축으로 인해 청요직들의 주장을 공론에 가탁하여 적극적으로 개진할 수 있었던 데서 말미암은 것이었다.