Decolorization and Degradation of Reactive Azo Dyes by Fixed Bed Bioreactors Containing Immobilized Cells of Proteus vulgaris NCIM- 2027

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Immobilized cells of Proteus vulgaris NCIM 2027 completely decolorized C.I. Reactive Blue 172 (50mg/L) within 8 h along with a nearly 80% reduction in TOC and COD. The dye degradation efficiency of the immobilized cells was further improved by optimizing the physicochemical conditions, including agitation, temperature,pH, dye concentration, and biomass loading. Microbial toxicity study revealed the non-toxic nature of the degraded products. Repeated-batch decolorization was conducted to evaluate the reusability of the immobilized cells. The immobilized cells were used for continuous dye decolorization in a fixed bed bioreactor under different volumetric flow rates and dye feeding concentrations. In addition, the immobilized cells were applied to decolorize a mixture of seven reactive dyes in batch and continuous modes, resulting in efficient decolorization (in terms of ADMI value) and significant reduction in TOC and COD.
This suggests the potential of using immobilized cells to treat dye-containing wastewater.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Chen, B. Y., "Understanding decolorization characteristics of reactive azo dye by Pseudomonas luteola: Toxicity and kinetics" 437-446, 2002

2 Gottlieb, A., "The toxicity of textile reactive azo dyes after hydrolysis and decolourisation" 101 : 49-56, 2003

3 AHPA, "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater" American Public Health Association 1995

4 Singh, V., "Poly(acrylamide) functionalized chitosan: An efficient adsorbent for azo dyes from aqueous solutions" 166 : 327-335, 2009

5 Sheth, N. T, "Optimisation for enhanced decolourization and degradation of Reactive Red BS C.I. 111 by Pseudomonas aeruginosa NGKCTS" 20 : 827-836, 2009

6 Kodam, K. M., "Microbial decolorization of reactive azo dyes under aerobic conditions" 21 : 367-370, 2005

7 Yoo, E. S., "Mechanism of decolorization of azo dyes in anaerobic mixed culture" 127 : 844-849, 2001

8 Chang, J. S., "Kinetic characteristics of bacterial azo-dye decolorization by Pseudomonas luteola" 35 : 2841-2850, 2001

9 Fang, H., "Investigation of isolation and immobilization of a microbial consortium for decoloring of azo dye 4BS" 38 : 3596-3604, 2004

10 Chen, K. C, "Immobilization of microorganisms with phosphorylated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel" 16 : 79-83, 1994

11 Tan, N. C. G., "Fate and biodegradability of sulfonated aromatic amines" 16 : 527-537, 2005

12 다이아난 칼리아니, "Enhanced decolorization and biodegradation of textile azo dye Scarlet R by using developed microbial consortium-GR" 100 (100): 2493-2500, 200905

13 Saratale, R. G., "Ecofriendly decolorization and degradation of Reactive Green 19A using Micrococcus glutamicus NCIM-2168" 110 : 3897-3905, 2009

14 다이아난 칼리아니, "Ecofriendly biodegradation and detoxification of Reactive Red 2 textile dye by newly isolated Pseudomonas sp SUK1" 163 (163): 735-742, 200904

15 Zhang, F. M., "Development of bioreactor systems for decolorization of Orange II using white rot fungus" 24 : 48-53, 1999

16 Kurosumi, A., "Degradation of reactive dyes by ozonation and oxalic acid-assimilating bacteria isolated from soil" 19 : 489-494, 2008

17 Saratale, G. D., "Decolorization of textile dyes by Aspergillus ochraceus (NCIM-1146)" 5 : 407-410, 2006

18 Tony, B. D., "Decolorization of textile azo dyes by aerobic bacterial consortium" 63 : 462-469, 2009

19 Hu, T., "Decolorization of reactive azo dyes by transformation with Pseudomonas luteola" 49 : 47-51, 1994

20 Harazono, K, "Decolorization of mixtures of different reactive textile dyes by the white-rot basidiomycetes Phanerochaete sordida and inhibitory effect of polyvinyl alcohol" 59 : 63-68, 2005

21 Chen, K. C., "Decolorization of azo dye using PVA-immobilized microorganisms" 101 : 241-252, 2003

22 Wu, J. Y., "Decolorization of azo dye in a FBR reactor using immobilized bacteria" 37 : 102-112, 2005

23 Chen, J. P, "Decolorization of azo dye by immobilized Pseudomonas luteola entrapped in alginate-silicate sol-gel beads" 934-942, 2007

24 Jin, X., "Decolorization of a dye industry effluent by Aspergillus fumigatus XC6" 74 : 239-243, 2007

25 다이아난 칼리아니, "Decolorization and biodegradation of Reactive Blue 13 by Proteus mirabilis LAG" Elsevier BV 184 (184): 290-298, 2010

26 Ramsay, J. A., "Decoloration of textile dyes by alginate-immobilized Trametes versicolor" 61 : 956-964, 2005

27 Deetae, P., "Critical effect of oxygen on aroma compound production by Proteus vulgaris" 126 : 134-139, 2011

28 Chen, B. Y., "Cost-effective biostimulation strategy for wastewater decolorization using immobilized-cell systems" 100 : 2975-2981, 2009

29 Zollinger, H., "Colour Chemistry-synthesis, properties of organic dyes and pigments" VCH Publishers 92-100, 1987

30 R. S. Dhanve, "Biodegradation of Diazo Reactive Dye Navy blue HE2R (Reactive blue 172) by an Isolated Exiguobacterium sp. RD3" 한국생물공학회 13 (13): 53-60, 2008

31 Guo, J. B., "Biocatalyst effects of immobilized anthraquinone on the anaerobic reduction of azo dyes by the salt-tolerant bacteria" 41 : 426-432, 2007

32 Saratale, R. G., "Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes: A review" 42 : 138-157, 2011

33 Steffan, S., "Azo dye biodegradation by microbial cultures immobilized in alginate beads" 31 : 201-205, 2005

34 Chen, B. -Y., "Assessment upon azo dye decolorization and bioelectricity generation by Proteus hauseri" 101 : 4737-4741, 2010

35 APHA, "2120 E, APHA–AWWA–WEF Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th ed., American Public Health Association method, Washington DC, USA"