Water hammer action in a penstock is in general controlled by. whether it occurs in a penstock which is uniform in inner diameter and in thickness of wall or not, and by the type and extent of support.
However though water hammer action in a penstock...
Water hammer action in a penstock is in general controlled by. whether it occurs in a penstock which is uniform in inner diameter and in thickness of wall or not, and by the type and extent of support.
However though water hammer action in a penstock which uniform in its diameter and thickness of wall has been studied by Lorenzo Alliévi, M. M. Warren et al., it-has not yet throughly been studied in a penstock which is not uniform in diameter and wall thickness by voluntary times.
so that, in order to solve the problem of water hammer action in such a penstock, the writer shall consider the water column in the penstock as elastic bar, and shall treat the water hammer as the longitudinal frequency of the water column; and then, making use of this result, the writer is going to discuss the approximation formulae which have formerly been used to express the propagation velocity of the water hammer.
The axial stress in the non-uniform penstock is neglected as the penstock which is fixed at both ends with an expansion joint in the middle.