장유의 「중용장구중유의자삼(中庸章句中有疑者三)」에 대한 정제두의 견해 = Jeong Je-du's opinion on Jang Yu's ''Jungyongjanggujungyuuijasam (中庸章句中有疑者三)''

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is a study on how Jeong Je-du reflects and interprets the three questions raised by Jang Yu after reading 『Jungyongjang-gu』 in his 「Jongyong-seol」. Jang Yu raised questions about Zhu Xi's interpretation of 『JungYong』 through the article ''Jungyongjanggujungyuuijasam(中庸章句中有疑者三)''. In Jeong Je-du's interpretation of 『JungYong』, this question of Jang Yu is inherited. To summarize it simply, it is as follows. First, Jang Yu raised questions regarding in the first chapter 'Sudojiwigyo(修道之謂敎)', 'develop(修)' is called distributed by saint(聖人) and presenting Etiquette, Music, Punishment, Politics(禮樂刑政), which was classified by saints, as a method of 'teaching (敎)'. In response to this, Jeong Je-du defined the subject of studying and practicing Tao as a human being and presented the goal of reaching the state of sainthood through awareness of the mind. Rather than being a passive human being who just follows what the saints say, it emphasizes active and subjective practice based on the human heart that contains the character of heaven. Therefore, 『JungYong』 becomes a book for studying and practicing Tao(修道之書), and everything presented in 『JungYong』 becomes a way to learn.
Second, Jang Yu raised questions about Zhu Xi's application of Bi-eun(費隱) only to chapters 12 to 20. Regarding this, Jeong Je-du said that even though the word Bi-eun appears only in Chapter 12, in terms of meaning, the entire content is Bi-eun. Jeong Je-du interpreted 'bi(費)' as studying and practicing Tao(修道) and 'eun(隱)' as following one's nature(率性), and viewed the gist of the entire 『JungYong』 as follow one's nature and studying and practicing Tao. Therefore, the scope of application of Bi-eun is the entire 『JungYong』.
Third, Jang Yu raised questions about the fact that Chapter 5 of 『Jungyongjanggu』 consists of one phrase. Jeong Je-du reorganized the 33-chapter system into 7 chapters and largely divided them into upper and lower chapters. He said that the central points of all seven chapters were following one's nature and studying and practicing Tao. In the upper and lower part system, the upper part is chapters 1 to 3 and explains the principle of things(道體) and is called the Principle(道) of Yong(庸), and the lower part is chapters 4 to 7 and describes JungYong's studies and is called Yong's Study(學). He believed that 『JungYong』 contained the Principle and study methods in equal proportions, and emphasized the importance of learning, that is, the practice of a scholar, by emphasizing the word Yong(庸).
Jang Yu raised three questions about 『JungYong』, which Zhu Xi changes over as an explanatory note, and Jeong Je-du inherited Jang Yu's opinion and interpreted 『JungYong』. However, if we analyze these three questions in detail, we ultimately come to one conclusion. That is, 『JungYong』 is a book of teachings, and what was intended to be emphasized in the entire 『JungYong』 is practice based on human awareness. It is hoped that individuals will actively practice the path of JungYong through awareness of the mind. This shows that although Jang Yu and Jeong Je-du accept the study of Zhu Xi to a certain extent, they understand 『JungYong』 based on Yangming Studies(陽明學) from a practical standpoint. They looked at 『JungYong』 from the position of Yangming Studies, which values practicing one's principles and cultivation to emphasize human practice.