草島의 草墳 : 草島 葬制에 관한 一考察 = Remarks Concerning Grass-tomb System on a Southern Island (Tscho-do) in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It is commonly assumed that the culture of Korea is of Northern origin, but in veiw of new investigations in certain cultural elements of Korea, one has to take into account the hypothesis of a southern cultural influx in Korea. One of these elements will be investigated in this report : the burial system in the island of Tcho-do, superficie of 10,797 m2 with a total population of 3,525 persons.
(1) Burial rites on the island
Many of the burial rites in this island are similar to the whole of Korea and specially to te Kwang-ju Pusan area. Special to Tcho-do is that once the body has been laid in the coffin, the latter is buried in ground.
(2) Grass mound
On the place of burial, a platform of stones is prepared, on which the coffin is placed. In the form of a tent stram is put in layers and held togehter so that the wind cannot destroy it. (See photo 1 and 2.) Usually after three years, the bones are placed in a new coffin in the ground. Among the several reasons, given by the villageres, of keeping this custom, is the one that they received this way of doing from their forefathers.
(3) Disttribution of grass-tombs
In the historical books of Koguryo and Silla, one finds records concerning the practice of grass tombs and burials. Presently in several other southern islands, one finds a similar ritual with slight variations. Cfr. Publication of the National Museum of Korea; 1957.
Even on the mainland, this form of burial was pratised until 40-50 years ago in the area of Keyong-nam and Cheon-nam provinces. This writer feels that ione can distinguish several main forms of ths type of burial.
a) on the floor: drawing 2
b) stone platform burial: drawing 3+4
c) on wood in form of drawing 5+6+7
d) wood in form of Y: drawing 8
e) on or by a tree; drawing 9+10
(4) Distribution of re-burial forms
One finds the form in (North) 'Siberia. In the South, one has the so colled Earth burial of Formosa. Also in several provinces of China from B.C. 3, 000 up to the present a similar type of burial is practised.
Similarities with the Korean type can be found in certain burial types of the Ryu-kyu islands in Japan.
In Indonesia and the Philipines one finds also the re-burial type. One can distinguish them also in Melanesia, Australia, Polynesia, and Micronesia. Of course, the indians of North Amarica have to be mentioned.
(5) Conclusion
It seems that this type of burial is more wide spread in the South and can be traced to a southern cultural influence. Re-burial has to be put in connection with respect to the forefathers. It is not certain that there is a relation with Matriarcat. This type of burial was practised from Neolithic times. But one can argue if it has to be put in relation with rice-cultivating people or with field-burning people.
The problem of diffusion and acculturation of this burial-type have to be dug into; the dolmen type burial has to be investigated in relation with this type of burial for possible connections.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 緖論
• 一. 草島의 葬禮
• 二. 草墳
• 三. 草墳의 分布
• 四. 復葬制의 分布
• 結論