유소년 야구선수를 위한 일반준비기 훈련프로그램의 개발 및 적용 = The Study on Development and Application of Training Program for General Preparation Period among Youth Baseball Players

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 유소년 야구선수를 위한 일반준비기 훈련프로그램을 개발하여 적용한 후 그 효과를 관찰하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 설정하였다. 주기화 원리를 이용한 복합트레이닝의 형태로 개발된 훈련프로그램은 상체를 위한 밴드트레이닝과 야구 특이적인 기술 및 체력훈련으로 구성하였다. 이러한 훈련프로그램을 4주간 적용한 결과, 성장의 정도는 매우 작지만 유의한 결과를 보인 신장(p<.01)을 제외한 모든 신체조성에 변화는 없었다. 주측과 비주측의 악력의 변화는 없었으며, 사후 검사 결과 약 12% 정도 증가된 배근력은 유의성에 매우 근접한 결과를 보여 주었다(p=.140). 또한 슬관절을 기준으로 하는 등속성 근력의 변화는 관찰되지 못하였으며, 회전근계의 기능을 파악하기 위한 견관절을 기준으로 하는 외회전력의 증가는 유의하게 나타났으나(p<.05 또는 p.01), 내회전력의 변화는 보여주지 못하였다. 주측과 비주측의 근력차이를 판단하는 악력과 견관절의 회전력과 관련된 근력평형지수를 관찰하였는데, 사후 검사결과에서 주측과 비주측 견관절의 외회전력의 근력평형지수는 유의하게 그 차이가 좁혀지는 긍정적인 결과를 보여주었다. 최대산소섭취량과 최대심박수 등과 같은 심혈기관계의 사전사후 검사 결과의 차이는 없었으나, 구속과 베이스러닝기록은 사후 검사결과 각각 5% 및 4%가 향상되는 결과를 보여주었다. 그러므로, 일반준비기 훈련프로그램은 특수준비기로 진행하기 전단계의 컨디셔닝 및 부상예방에 효과적이며, 특수준비기에서 적용되는 강한 강도의 훈련을 위한 몸만들기 과정으로 충분한 가치가 있다고 생각된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of general preparation period on performance predictors among youth baseball players. Based on principles of general preparation period, training program during 4 weeks consisted of band training for upper extremity, and baseball-specific physical and technical training. As a result of application of this periodic training program, body composition was not changed after 4 weeks of general preparation period, except for height which showed very small but statistically significant increase. Hand grip strength also showed no difference between pre- and post-training. Back strength was very closed to significance (p=.140) and thereby increased by 12% post training. Isokinetic knee strength post training were not different from pre-training. To identify functional improvement of rotator cuff muscles, we measured isokinetic strength of internal and external rotation in shoulder complex. As a result, 4 weeks of training program improved isokinetic strength of external rotation in both sides(p<.05 or p<.01), but not in that of internal rotation. In addition, symmetry index of hand grip strength and rotational strength in shoulder complex was also investigated and that of external rotational strength post training was substantially decreased suggesting that training regimen was very effective to minimize strength difference between non-dominant and dominant side. There was no difference pre-to-post comparison in cardiovascular function (i.e., VO₂max and HRmax), but throwing velocity and base running time were increased by 5% and decreased by 4%, respectively, showing that the degree of this improvement can significantly but posistively affect baseball performance. Taken together, the training program used in this study may be effective to lead to next training regimen such as special preparation period and appropriate to apply for conditioning program to prevent injury.

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