『블라이드데일 로맨스』의 여성 재현 연구 = A Study on Representation of Women in The Blithedale Romance

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper aims to read Nathaniel Hawthorne’s third novel, The Blithedale Romance from the feminist perspective focusing on representation of female characters. Hawthorne is generally known to have had conservative attitudes towards women’s role in patriarchal society and seems to have projected his ideas on the male narrator in representing female characters of The Blithedale Romance. Especially, the irony that the female protagonist, who led the social reform movement as an active feminist, commits suicide because of the failure in love with the anti-feminist man arouses some doubt that the conservative male author may have made a satire of contemporary feminists. However, The Blithedale Romance includes so much ambiguity and complexity that we cannot dismiss it as just an anti- feminist novel for the reason that the author and the male narrator reveal negative views of women. Even though Hawthorne seems to often express his conservative ideas of women directly through the male narrator, he allows readers to deviate from the narrator’s point of view and watch female characters and events from the different perspective by making him an unreliable narrator with limitations and flaws as a man. In short, although the protagonist created by the conservative male author reveals some limitations and flaws as a female activist, she still shows possibility of a new woman rarely seen in 19th-century American society beyond the author’s personal views of women in his real life, which makes possible a feminist approach to The Blithedale Romance.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 정진만, "제노비아와 커버데일의 베일: 『블라이드데일 로맨스』에 나타난 호손의 성 정치학" 비교문화연구소 60 : 301-327, 2020

2 김은형, "병리적인 중산층과 로맨스의 실패: 호손의『블라이드데일 로맨스』를 중심으로" 미국소설학회 18 (18): 101-132, 2011

3 박현경, "『블라이드데일 로맨스』와 『여인의 초상』의 비관습적 여주인공과 사회 개혁" 인문학연구원 (16) : 185-206, 2016

4 Mills, Angela, "‘The Sweet Word’, Sister: The Transformative Threat of Sisterhood and The Blithedale Romance" 17 (17): 97-121, 2003

5 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, "The Scarlet Letter and Other Writings" W. W. Norton 2005

6 Émile, Montégut, "The French Face of Nathaniel Hawthorne" The Ohio State UP 129-163, 2011

7 Fryer, Judith, "The Faces of Eve: Women in the Nineteenth Century American Novel" Oxford UP 1976

8 Levine, Robert S., "The Cambridge Companion to Nathaniel Hawthorne" Cambridge UP 207-226, 2004

9 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, "The Blithedale Romance" W. W. Norton 1978

10 Lefcowitz, Barbara F., "The Blithedale Romance" W,W. Norton 341-350, 1978

11 Baym, Nina, "The Blithedale Romance" W. W. Norton 1978

12 DeSalvo, Louise, "Nathaniel Hawthorne" Humanities press 1987

13 Cary, Louise D., "Margaret Fuller as Hawthorne’s Zenobia: The Problem of Moral Accountability in Fictional Biography" 4 (4): 31-48, 1990

14 Storey, Jenna Silber, "Love Conquers All" 45 : 139-163, 2015

15 Morris, Pam, "Literature and Feminism" Blackwell 1993

16 Baym, Nina, "Hawthorne’s Women: The Tyranny of Social Myths" 15 (15): 250-272, 1971

17 Wallace, James D., "Hawthorne and the Scribbling Women Reconsidered" 62 (62): 201-222, 1990

18 손정희, "19세기 미국 문학 속의 타자-호손의 『블라이드데일 로맨스』" 10 (10): 249-268, 2001