글로벌 경제 거버넌스의 제도적 진화 요인 분석:비공식 정부네트워크(G20)를 중심으로 = Analyzing the Determinants of Institutional Evolution in Global Economic Governance: The Case of G20 Intergovernmental Network

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article analyzes the determinants of institutional evolution in global economic governance with focus on an intergovernmental network, the Group of Twenty (G20). The post-war world economy has been governed by multiple formal organizations and informal networks, but the creation of G20 summit in 2008 transformed the global economic governance architecture into a more hierarchical one. Despite dramatic increase in informal intergovernmental networks in global political economy, analysis of their institutional evolution remains relatively scant in the literature. Adopting an analytic eclecticism, we test the hypotheses about the determinants of institutional change drawn from the mainstream international relations theories (that is, realism, liberalism and constructivism), as well as the theory of networked cooperation. Our key findings are as follows: first, the G20 emerged as a result of global power transition and U.S.’ hegemonic project. Second, it path-dependently evolved into a network because of crisis-driven shortness of time horizon and the practices of preexisting institutions. Third, a trigger of G20’s institutional innovation was financial crises as a critical juncture that legitimized the then politically dormant idea of Leaders’ 20 vis-à-vis other alternatives.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 글로벌 경제 거버넌스의 제도적 진화 요인을 비공식 정부네트워크인 G20를 중심으로 조명한다. 전후 세계경제는 공식 정부간기구와 비공식 정부네트워크에 의해 중첩적으로 관리되었으나, G20정상회의의 등장은 사실상 수직적인 거버넌스 아키텍처를 강화했다. 그런데 세계정치경제에서 비공식 정부네트워크의 비약적 성장에도 불구하고 그 제도적 진화에 대한 연구는 거의 공백으로 남아있다. 본 연구는 장관급 G20의 탄생과 정상급회의체로의 진화 과정에 영향을 끼친 요인을 분석적 절충주의 입장, 다시 말해서 현실주의·자유주의·구성주의 등 주류 국제정치이론과 네트워크협력이론을 바탕으로 규명했다. 그에 따르면, G20는 글로벌 세력전이와 패권국 미국의 프로젝트로서 탄생하고 발전했다. 둘째, G20는 금융위기로 인한 짧은 시간지평과 선행 거버넌스 제도들의 관행을 이어받아 일정한 제도적 경로의존성을 따르면서 변천했다. 그리고 G20의 진화는 금융위기가 제도적 혁신의 기폭제로 작용하여 기존의 아이디어에 새로운 정당성을 부여한 결과였다. 금융위기는 글로벌 경제 거버넌스에 관한 관념의 대전환을 가능케 함으로써 G20가 여타 대안제도들을 압도하고, 그때까지 큰 이목을 끌지 않았던 정상급 L20라는 아이디어가 정치적 지지를 동원하는 기회를 제공했다.

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