개발 사업 생태계훼손사고 대응 매뉴얼 구축 = Establishment of the Emergency Response Manual for unexpected damage to wildlife and their habitats under the development project

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Ecosystem conservation guidelines are established to reduce impact on species and wildlife from accidents occurring during the process of construction or project operation in the process of EIA on development projects. However, issues like the confirmed presence of endangered species and the habitat thereof occurring in the process of construction of large-scale development projects, as well the hasty performance of environmental assessment and damage to habitat from national policy development projects, have induced significant social conflicts. The majority of accidents that occur due to development projects are unexpected. It is also difficult to forecast impact on species and habitat as the extent and scope of impact is both complex and distributed over a wide area. Follow-up environmental impact studies established during the EIA stage include monitoring plans on critical species and habitat as alternative proposals with respect to such issues. However such studies have inherent shortcomings. The monitoring is once in a single quarter or half year, and include only a limited time period after performance. Accordingly, in recognition of the foregoing issues, this study recognizes the importance of damage management on species and habitat (aside from effects on humans) from accidents occurring due to human conduct (such as development), and newly establishes relevant concepts while building a response system for worksites when accidents occur. To this end, first, this study uses the term ecosystem accidents as a combined term, distinct from environmental accidents that induce damage to existing human activities and life, or the economy. Ecosystem accidents refers to accidents that threaten the survival of species or habitats in the natural environment, add risk to habitat activities, or damage the underlying environment and/or its quality. By analyzing existing response cases to environmental damage, this study confirmed that no system exists to respond to accidents that induce damage to species and habitat. This study confirms that efforts to respond to damage have primarily focused on technical control measures for improvement of environmental quality as a response to pollution. Furthermore, this study found that response guidelines must be considered that are based on biological or ecological principles regarding relevant species or the habitat thereof through review of the existing literature and theory. In particular, in order to provide fast and appropriate responses to accidents at work sites, this study confirmed that tailored response proceedings must be made available that consider the type of accident and the scale of damages. Ultimately, this study presents five response strategies and three response principles for ecosystem accidents, and divides responses for work site related parties in the initial stage of accident occurrence into different grades, while presenting evaluation criteria for worksites. It also presented a response map for work site related parties, when accidents occur. At the same time, this research emphasizes that accident response policy should be applied as a support policy that can ensure the progress of sustainable development rather than being a regulatory method. Although this research has important implication by proposing concrete responses from analysis of case studies and theory, it has limitations there is more room for improvement of considering the procedural aspects of accident mitigation, preparedness, and recovery. Therefore future studies can use the findings herein, while more effort will be needed to analyze and apply the relevant case studies and theory in more detail in the procedural aspects of accident response.