‘I Paid a Bribe’: 부패에 대한 새로운 도전? = ‘I Paid a Bribe’: A New Challenge to Corruption?

국문 초록 (Abstract)

인도는 세계에서 부패가 심각한 국가 중의 하나이다. 2005년 국제투명성기구 인도 지부(支部)가 발표한 자료에 따르면 ‘45%이상의 인도인이 공공기관에서 사소한 업무를 성공적으로 처리하기 위해 직접적으로 뇌물을 제공하거나 연줄을 사용한 경험이 있다.’는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 또 국제투명성기구가 발표한 2010년 부패인식지수에서 인도는 10점 만점에서 3.3점으로 조사대상 178개국 중 87위였다.
2010년 8월 15일 반부패운동에 새로운 변화가 등장했다. 인도뿐만이 아니라, 아마 세계 어느 곳에서도 시행된 일이 없었던 시도가 나타난 것이다. ‘I Paid a Bribe’(이하 IPaB)라는 이름을 가진 이 웹사이트에 자신이 경험했던 뇌물의 성격, 횟수, 방식, 유형, 위치, 빈도 그리고 액수를 일반시민들이 직접 보고하게 하는 획기적인 방법을 도입하였다. IPaB는 정보와 경험의 무한대적인 공유라는 인터넷 시대의 특성을 사용하여 부패현상을 더 이상 개인적 경험의 영역 또는 가까운 친지나 친구들만이 공유하는 정보의 영역에서 벗어나게 하였다. IPaB의 등록된 사례들은 인도의 시민, 관료들뿐만 아니라, 영어의 독해가 가능한 사람이라면, 전 세계의 누구라도 인도에서 진행되는 ‘뇌물의 시세(時勢)’를 알 수 있도록 하여준다. 시민들의 제보를 통해 수집된 사례들을 분석하여 부패의 관행이나 부패 유발의 소지가 있는 절차를 바꾸는 공동투쟁을 하겠다는 피드백 개념을 가지고 있다.
2011년 9월 26일 현재 IPaB의 누적 접속자수는 759,469명이고, 제보된 사례는 14,399건에 이른다는 화려하지는 않지만 견실하게 . IPaB , 특정인물의 명성에 의존하기보다는 다수의 시민들의 성원을 바탕으로, 또 힘으로 밀어붙이기 보다는 인내심을 가진 설득과 논의를 통해 그들의 목표를 매진하고 있다. IPaB와 같이 인터넷을 기반으로 한 새로운 개혁운동은, 과거 아마존(Amazon)이 책 시장에 그리고 아이팟(Ipod)이 음악시장을 또 블로그(Blog)가 뉴스에 변화를 준 것처럼, 비슷한 영향을 인도 반부패운동 전반에 불러올 가능성이 크다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world, with an average GDP growth of about 9 percent over the past several years. Yet corruption remains a pressing problem in the nation of 1.2 billion. But in Transparency International’s 2010 survey of perceived corruption, India ranked 87th among 178 nations on the list. Corruption is most endemic and entrenched manifestation of poor governance in Indian society, so much so it has almost become an accepted reality and a way of life. In India, bribery is routinely expected in interactions with government officials, to register house, to get driving license, domestic water connection, even a death certificate.
Janaagraha is a Bangalore based not-for-profit organization working with citizens and government to bring about a moral, social and long term improvement in the quality of life in Indians cities and towns. By “quality of life”, Janaagraha draws 2 separate aspects, drawing from the “quality of urban infrastructure and services”: the roads, drains, traffic, transport, water supply etc in our urban areas. Secondly, the “quality of citizenship”: the role that urban residents play by participating in civic issues, deepening democracy and holding our public institutions accountable in delivering various goods and services.
On August 15 2011, Janaagraha launched ipaidabride.com(IPaB), reflecting in the second aspect of “quality of life”. IPaB is Janaagraha’s initiative to tackle corruption by harnessing the collective energy of citizens. Citizens can report on the nature, number, pattern, types, location, frequency and values of actual corrupt acts on this website. The reports, perhaps for the first time, provide a snapshot of bribes being paid or taken, across Indian cities. IPaB uses them to argue for improving governance systems and procedures, tightening law enforcement and regulation. Thereby reduce the scope for corruption while obtaining services from the government.
In the 13 months since the website’s launch in August 2010, it has received more than 750,000 hits and more than 14,000 reports. At least five countries, including China, are replicating our anti-corruption strategies and replicating the hugely popular website IPaB.
Internet users are still the minority in India. However, this number is likely to grow rapidly and therefore, IPab’s influence is likely to spread even more. IPaB is also working on developing a mobile interface through which people can report their stories, including in local languages. India’s innovative ‘I Paid a Bribe’ website which puts a spotlight on government ? corruption ? may become a model for rooting out corruption around the world.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 국문요약
• Ⅰ. 들어가면서
• Ⅱ. 인도의 부패와 반부패운동: 그 현실
• Ⅲ. IPaB의 모체 ‘자나그라하(Janagraha)’
• Ⅳ. IPaB: 새로운 형태의 반부패운동
• Ⅴ. 마치면서
• 참고문헌
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

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