The purpose of this study is to investigate the general situation of electronic media use of young children and to investigate whether economic capital which forms the basis of cultural capital and cultural capital is related to the electronic media u...
The purpose of this study is to investigate the general situation of electronic media use of young children and to investigate whether economic capital which forms the basis of cultural capital and cultural capital is related to the electronic media usage pattern of young children. To do this, I used the 7th year (2014) Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC) of the Child Rearing Policy Institute, which was collected for 6-year-old infants and their parents. I collected data on electronic media use of infants, household income, residential area and parental education level through the 7th(2014) CAPI (Protected) Questionnaire for Korean Children's Panel. In addition, data on the experiences of using cultural facilities for young children were obtained through the 'Questionnaire for Mothers of the 7th(2014) Korean Children Panel'. Household income, residential area, educational level of parents, experience of using infant cultural facilities, and electronic media usage pattern of young children were analyzed based on Bourdieu capital theory.
The main results of the study are summarized as follows.
First, I looked at the general tendencies of economic capital (household income, residential area) and cultural capital(parental education level, experience of using infant cultural facilities) and the use of electronic media by infants. The average household income of Korean households that raised infants was 45.327 million won with a standard deviation of 222.53. The residence area was concentrated in the metropolitan area. The education level of Korean parents who raised infants was most graduated from 4 year university, and the father's education level was higher than mother's education level. Korean children’s use of cultural facilities was found to be insufficient overall, and the use time of electronic media for play purposes was about 6 times higher than the educational purposes.
Second, the variables that affect the use of electronic media for young children are economic capital (household income, residential area), cultural capital (parental education level, experience of using infant cultural facilities). That is, The higher the household income, the greater the residence in the metropolitan area, the higher the parents' education level, the higher the experience of using the cultural facilities of the infant, the longer the time for media use for educational purposes for infants. On the other hand, the lower the household income, Reside in non-metropolitan areas, the lower the level of parents' education, the lower the experience of using infant cultural facilities, the higher the time spent for playing media and the total time spent for media use.
Third, the variables of economic capital (household income, residential area), cultural capital (parental education level, experience of using infant cultural facilities) were all significant variables that showed significant correlations with infant electronic media use. The variables which showed the highest correlations with the use of educational media for young children were the experience of using cultural facilities in residential areas and infants. The variables that showed the highest correlation with the purpose of using the play electronic media and the total electronic media use were parents' educational level and experience of using cultural facilities of infants.
In conclusion, the use of electronic media by infants was found to be related to economic capital (household income, residential area) and cultural capital (parental education level, infant cultural facility utilization experience). Specifically, Infant's use of media for educational purposes showed the highest correlations with children's experience of using cultural facilities and residence area. And the use of playful media and total media use of young children showed the highest correlations with parents’educational level and young children' s use of cultural facilities. This suggests that educational institutions and welfare agencies should provide opportunities for young children to experience the same cultural experience regardless of their residential areas, by increasing opportunities for cultural experiences. In addition, it suggests that a program for early childhood media use instruction for infants' parents should be developed for the use of high - quality media contents and discriminated media use of infants.