15·16세기 원순모음화와 비원순모음화 현상에 대한 연구 = (A)study on the labialization and non-labialization of middle Korean

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the labialization and non-labialization of the 15th-16th century Korean and to examine the diachronic change of the variants resulted from the (non-) labialization.
The labialization which alters ‘ㅡ’ to ‘ㅜ’ when ‘ㅡ’ is preceeded by the labial consonant is the major character of the modern Korean(17~19th century). But it has been reported that the analogous phenomena was observed in the 15th-16th century - ‘ㅡ, ᆞ’ and ‘ㅜ, ㅗ’ become ‘ㅜ, ㅗ’ and ‘ㅡ, ᆞ’ respectively.
And in the 15th-16th century, ‘ᆞ, ㅢ, ᆡ’ changed to ‘ㅗ, ㅟ, ㅚ’ too. Also ‘ᆞ, ㅡ, ᆡ, ㅢ’ changed to ‘ㅗ, ㅜ, ㅚ, ㅟ’ by ‘ㅗ, ㅜ, ㅚ, ㅟ’. In these phenomena, we can recognize that the focus is the same. Furthermore, the determinants which are labial consonant and rounded vowel can be classified as a natural class because they are grouped on the bassis of the feature [labial]. So, we can unify these phenomena as the same thing which can be named as labialization.
In chapter 2, the concept and property of the (non-) labialization are explained. Labialization is the phenomena in which unrounded vowel changes to rounded vowel by the labial consonant and rounded vowel. Non-labialization is the phenomena in which round vowel changes to unrounded vowel by the labial consonant and rounded vowel.
Chapter 3 shows the data of (non-) labialization and reveals the properties of those data. Chapter 4 shows the data of (non-) labialization by the labial consonant and reveals the properties of those data.
Through these works we can find the labialization rule as below.
1) A → B / C _
2) A → B / _ C
A : unrounded vowel(ㅡ, ᆞ, ㅢ, ᆡ)
B : rounded vowel(ㅜ, ㅗ, ㅟ, ㅚ)
C : labial consonant(ㅂ, ᇪ, ㅍ, ㅁ), rounded vowel(ㅜ, ㅗ, ㅟ, ㅚ)
Unifying the labial consonant and round vowel as [labial], the rule can be rewritten as following.
3) [-labial] → [+labial] / [+labial] _
4) [-labial] → [+labial] / _ [+labial]
The labialization by the labial consonant is the contiguous assimilation, but the labialization by the rounded vowel is the distant assimilation. Reflecting the distant assimilation, the rule is as following. There is no constraint on the interposition consonant.
5) [-labial] → [+labial] / [+labial](X) _
6) [-labial] → [+labial] / + (X)[+ labial]
X : consonant(ㄹ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㄷ, ㅌ, ᇫ, ㄴ etc)
The non-labialization rule is as below.
1)’ B → A / C(X) _
2)’ B → A / _ (X)C
A : unrounded vowel(ㅡ, ᆞ, ㅢ, ᆡ)
B : rounded vowel(ㅜ, ㅗ, ㅟ, ㅚ)
C : labial consonant(ㅂ, ᇪ, ㅍ, ㅁ), rounded vowel(ㅜ, ㅗ, ㅟ, ㅚ)
X : consonant(ㄹ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㄷ, ㅌ, ᇫ, ㄴ, etc)
Unifying the labial consonant and round vowel as [labial], the rule can be rewritten as following. X is the interposition consonant.
5)’ [+labial] → [-labial] / [+labial](X) _
6)’ [+labial] → [-labial] / _ (X)[+ labial]
Chapter 5 examines the variants in connection with the (non-) labialization. The apparent chaotic character of the variants are caused by the optionality of the (non-) labialization rule. There are two classes. The one is resulted from the successive rule application. The other is resulted from the simultaneous rule application (7) is the example of the former, and (8) is the example of the latter.
(7) 그울다 → 구울다 → 구을다(轉, roll)
(8) 불휘(根, root) → 블휘
→ 불희 → 블희
In 15th-16th, the (non-) labialization is optional, which is different from the modern Korean. In the same environment the rules are not applied same way. One case is that only one rule is applied, and the other case is that two or more rules are applied. The latter case also classified according to the way of rule application - the simultaneous application and successive application. The stem restructuring is similar to the rule application.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1.1. 연구 목적 = 1
• 1.2. 연구 내용과 배경 = 2
• 1.3. 연구 범위 = 6
• 1.4. 논의의 구성 = 13
• Ⅱ. 원순모음화의 개념과 특성 = 15
• 2.1. 원순모음화의 개념 = 15
• 2.2. 모음체계와의 관련성 = 24
• 2.3. 음운 변화에 대한 관점 = 27
• Ⅲ. 모음에 의한 원순모음화와 비원순모음화 = 30
• 3.1. 동화주와 피동화음 = 34
• 3.2. 진행 방향 = 45
• 3.2.1. 순행의 방향 = 46
• 3.2.2. 역행의 방향 = 51
• 3.3. 개재 자음 = 52
• 3.3.1. 개재 자음이 없는 경우 = 53
• 3.3.2. 개재 자음이 ‘ㄹ’인 경우 = 54
• 3.3.3. 기타 자음이 개재되는 경우 = 64
• Ⅳ. 자음에 의한 원순모음화와 비원순모음화 = 76
• 4.1. 동화주와 피동화음 = 77
• 4.2. 진행 방향 = 96
• 4.2.1. 순행의 방향 = 97
• 4.2.2. 역행의 방향 = 99
• Ⅴ. 원순모음화와 비원순모음화 현상의 적용 양상 = 114
• 5.1. 계기적 적용 = 116
• 5.2. 동시적 적용 = 121
• 5.3. 규칙 적용의 특성 = 128
• Ⅵ. 결론 = 133
• 참고문헌 = 137
• <ABSTRACT> = 143