인구고령화, 사회경제적 발전, 사회불평등의 관계

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 인구고령화, 사회경제적 발전, 사회불평등의 관계를 살펴본다. 최근 한국사회에서는 인구고령화의 부정적인 사회경제적 함의에 대한 논의 및 출산율 제고에 대한 논의가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그런데, 이러한 논의들은 한 가지 중요한 사실을 간과하는 경향이 있다. 인구고령화는 경제성장, 교육 수준의 향상, 건강 수준의 향상 등 다른 사회경제적 발전과 함께 진행되고 있으며 이러한 변화들은 인구고령화의 부정적 영향을 어느 정도 상쇄할 것이다. 신맬서스주의에 기반을 둔 최근의 논의들은 이와 같은 사실을 충분히 고려하지 않는데, 이는 인구고령화에 대한 시각을 좁은 틀 안에 가두고 있다. 본 연구는 인구구조와 사회경제적 발전의 관계를 다루는 다양한 인구학적 논의들을 정리하고, 교육 및 건강수준 향상이 인구고령화에 미치는 영향과 연령구조 변화가 사회불평등에 미치는 영향 등을 살펴본다. 본 연구는 이러한 논의에 근거해서 인구고령화가 사회경제적 발전 및 사회불평등의 변화와 상호적인 관계를 맺는다고 주장하고, 이와 관련된 정책적 함의와 향후 연구주제에 대해서 논의한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The current study examines the relationship among population aging, socioeconomic development, and social inequality. There have been increasing discussions about negative consequences of population aging and how to boost fertility in Korea. These discussions, however, tend to ignore an important fact. Population aging proceeds with socioeconomic development such as economic growth, and improvement in education and health. These changes should countervail the negative consequences of population aging to some extent. The discussion of population aging, based on the Neo-Malthusian framework, does not fully account for this fact, narrowing the perspecive on population aging. The current study reviews a variety of demographic theories that touch on the relationship between population structure and socioeconomic development. I also discuss the implications of improvement of education and health on population aging and the relationship between population change and social inequality. Based on this review, I claim that population aging has a reciprocal relationship with socioeconomic development and social inequality. I also discuss policy implications and research topics based on this claim.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서론
• 2. 맬서스의 인구이론과 고전적 인구변천이론
• 3. 정통주의 인구학(orthodox demography)과 수정주의(revisionism)
• 4. 사회경제적 발전과 인구고령화: 교육 및 건강 향상의 함의
• 5. 인구고령화와 불평등구조의 변화
• 6. 요약 및 토론
• 참고문헌
• Abstract

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