As delayed marriage shifts demographic trends toward advanced maternal age, enhancing implantation and pregnancy rates has become a primary objective in assisted reproductive technology (ART). This study evaluated the efficacy of the freeze-all st...
As delayed marriage shifts demographic trends toward advanced maternal age, enhancing implantation and pregnancy rates has become a primary objective in assisted reproductive technology (ART). This study evaluated the efficacy of the freeze-all strategy and analyzed the impact of intrauterine seminal plasma (SP) administration on the day of oocyte retrieval during fresh embryo transfer (Fresh ET) cycles. In an evaluation of 462 thawed embryo transfer (TET) cycles against 469 Fresh ET cycles, TET yielded significantly superior clinical pregnancy rates (CPRs) across all age cohorts. Multivariate regression analysis of the Fresh ET cycles identified maternal age and the interaction between SP administration and the number of transferred embryos as independent predictors of pregnancy success. The overall CPR was 1.26-fold higher in the SP administration group compared to the non-administration group (33.2% vs. 26.3%). Age-stratified analysis revealed no significant advantage of SP in patients aged 〈35 years, who typically exhibit optimal baseline endometrial receptivity and embryo quality. However, SP administration significantly improved CPR in the 35–39 age group (p〈0.05), where endometrial receptivity begins to decline. Patients aged ≥40 years demonstrated a clear positive trend, suggesting the merit of further validation in larger cohorts. Crucially, a significant interaction was found between SP administration and the number of transferred embryos (OR=2.120, p〈0.05), with clinical efficacy becoming more pronounced as the number of transferred embryos increases. This highlights the independent clinical value of SP administration, particularly in light of strict national guidelines restricting embryo transfer numbers to prevent multiple pregnancies. Subgroup analysis further revealed consistent CPR improvements with SP across all fertilization methods (Conventional IVF, ICSI, and Split IVF/ICSI); however, the drastic increase within the Split IVF/ICSI group (46.7% vs. 12.5%) requires cautious interpretation due to the small sample size. Additionally, the synergistic effect of SP became clearer as the number of retrieved oocytes increased, which strongly correlates with an increased availability of high-quality embryos. Although constrained by a single-center, retrospective design and the absence of live birth rate data, the predictive model achieved an acceptable area under the curve (AUC) of 0.697. In conclusion, these findings validate intrauterine SP administration as a promising adjuvant strategy to optimize endometrial receptivity, suggesting that its personalized application alongside the freeze-all strategy could significantly enhance ART success rates.