Geoinformatics in health facility analysis

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• 1 Health Care System and Geospatial Technology : A Conceptual Framework of the Study = 1
• 1.1 Introduction = 1
• 1.2 Significance of the Study = 2
• 1.3 Role of Geospatial Technology in Health Care Analysis = 3
• 1.4 Medical Geography = 5
• 1.4.1 Determinant of Health = 6
• 1.4.2 Public Health = 6
• 1.4.3 Community Health = 7
• 1.4.4 Health Care = 7
• 1.4.5 Disease = 7
• 1.4.6 Spatial Epidemiology = 8
• 1.4.7 Concept of Primary Health Care = 8
• 1.4.8 Five-Year Plans-National Health Policy in India = 13
• 1.5 Review of Literatures = 18
• 1.6 Objective of the Study = 23
• 1.7 Hypotheses of the Work = 24
• 1.8 Data Used and Methodology for the Study = 24
• 1.9 Organization of Chapters in This Study = 25
• References = 25
• 2 Applying Remote Sensing and GIS in Study of Physical and Cultural Aspects of Varanasi District = 29
• 2.1 Locational Extent of the Area = 29
• 2.2 Geology of the Area = 31
• 2.3 Physiographic Divisions = 32
• 2.3.1 Upper Ganga-Varuna Plain = 32
• 2.3.2 Varuna-Gomati Interfluence = 32
• 2.3.3 The Ganga-Varuna Interfluence = 33
• 2.4 Drainage and Water Ponds = 34
• 2.4.1 The Ganga River = 35
• 2.4.2 The Gomati River = 36
• 2.4.3 The Varuna River = 36
• 2.4.4 The Assi River = 36
• 2.5 Climatic Characteristics of the Varanasi District = 37
• 2.5.1 Temperature = 37
• 2.5.2 Precipitation / Rainfall = 38
• 2.6 Ground Water : Present Status and Prospects = 39
• 2.6.1 Current Status of Water Supply = 41
• 2.6.2 Available Resources = 42
• 2.6.3 Ponds as a Source of Recharge = 43
• 2.6.4 Pollution = 44
• 2.7 Soils = 49
• 2.7.1 Ganga Sandy Soil = 50
• 2.7.2 Western Low Land Soil = 50
• 2.7.3 Western Upland Soil = 50
• 2.7.4 Loamy Soil = 51
• 2.8 Land Use and Natural Vegetation = 51
• 2.9 Transportation Network and Connectivity = 53
• 2.10 Communication and Educational Facilities = 55
• 2.11 Solid Waste Generation and Management = 56
• References = 60
• 3 Integration of Census Data with GIS for Analysis of Population Characteristics = 63
• 3.1 Population Characteristics = 63
• 3.2 Population Projection = 64
• 3.3 Population Density = 66
• 3.3.1 Arithmetic Density = 66
• 3.3.2 Physiological Density = 66
• 3.3.3 Agricultural Density = 67
• 3.4 Population Growth and Distribution = 70
• 3.4.1 Male-female Population Growth Rate = 73
• 3.4.2 Scheduled Caste / Scheduled Tribe (SC / ST) Population = 75
• 3.5 Spatial Pattern of Sex Ratio = 79
• 3.6 Spatial Pattern of Literacy = 81
• 3.7 Occupational Structure = 83
• 3.7.1 Main Workers = 88
• 3.7.2 Non-Workers = 92
• References = 92
• 4 Analysis of Health Care Facility Using GIS and GPS = 93
• 4.1 Health Care Facilities = 93
• 4.2 Spatial Analysis of Social Indicator in Varanasi District = 95
• 4.3 Spatial Analysis of Health Care Facilities in Varanasi District = 95
• 4.3.1 Density of Health Care Facilities = 100
• 4.3.2 Distribution and Condition of Bed in the PHCs and CHCs / Hospitals = 100
• 4.3.3 Availability of Doctors and Paramedical Staff = 100
• 4.3.4 Distribution of Health Care Facilities in Terms of Per Lakh Population = 103
• 4.4 Physical Status and Other Available Facilities at Primary Health Centres = 107
• 4.5 Proximity / Buffer Area Analysis of PHCs / New PHCs / CHCs = 116
• 4.6 Shortest Road Estimation Through Network Analysis = 119
• References = 121
• 5 GIS in Vector Born Disease Mapping = 123
• 5.1 Vector Born Disease = 123
• 5.2 Disease Mapping = 124
• 5.3 Important Vector-Borne Diseases = 125
• 5.3.1 Malaria = 125
• 5.3.2 Dengue Fever = 128
• 5.3.3 Filariasis = 128
• 5.3.4 Kala-Azar = 128
• 5.4 Data Required for GIS Based Vector Born Disease (VBD) Mapping = 129
• 5.5 Methodology Adopted for Vector Born Disease (VBD) Mapping = 129
• 5.6 Status of Vector Born Diseases (VBD) in the Varanasi District = 130
• References = 136
• 6 A Study of Malaria Susceptibility Mapping Using Statistical Methods with GIS = 139
• 6.1 Introduction = 139
• 6.2 Data Collection and Methodology for Malaria Susceptibility Modeling = 140
• 6.2.1 Malaria Inventory Map = 141
• 6.3 Malaria Influencing Data Layers and Related Map Preparations = 142
• 6.3.1 Rainfall = 142
• 6.3.2 Temperature = 143
• 6.3.3 Population Density = 144
• 6.3.4 Distance to River / Streams = 146
• 6.3.5 Distance to Road = 149
• 6.3.6 Distance to Health Facilities = 149
• 6.3.7 Distance to Water Ponds = 152
• 6.3.8 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) = 153
• 6.3.9 Land Use Land Cover (LULC) = 155
• 6.4 Methods and Results of Statistical Methods = 158
• 6.4.1 Multiple Linear Regression Method (Step-Wise Method) = 158
• 6.4.2 Information Value Method (InfoVal) = 163
• 6.4.3 Heuristic Approach (Qualitative Map Combination) = 166
• 6.5 Comparison of Statistical Methods to Select Optimum Model for MSZ by Qs Method = 170
• 6.6 Verification of the Susceptibility Methods by Area Under Curve (AUC) = 173
• References = 176
• 7 An Analysis of Geographical Survey for Utilization of Health Care Facilities = 177
• 7.1 Utilization of Health Care Service = 177
• 7.2 Vaccination and Immunization = 178
• 7.2.1 Infant Immunization = 179
• 7.2.2 Extensive Vaccination and Immunization Programme = 179
• 7.3 Utilization of Family Welfare Programme = 181
• 7.3.1 Immunization to Pregnant Women = 184
• 7.3.2 Delivery = 184
• 7.3.3 Distribution of Vitamin A and Iron Tablets = 185
• 7.3.4 Contraception = 185
• 7.3.5 Treatment = 185
• 7.4 The Utilization of Health Care Facilities in Opinion of Respondents Through Personal Survey = 188
• 7.4.1 Distance Wise Respondent's Opinion Regarding Health Care Facilities = 192
• 7.4.2 Caste / Religion-Wise Respondent's Opinion Regarding Health Care Facilities = 196
• 7.4.3 Education-Wise Respondents Opinion Regarding Health Care Facilities = 200
• 7.4.4 House Type-Wise Respondents Opinion Regarding Health Care Facilities = 203
• 7.4.5 Occupation-Wise Respondents Opinion Regarding Utilization of Health Care Services = 205
• 7.4.6 Nature of Health Care Facilities and Their Availability = 207
• References = 211
• 8 GIS Initiatives in Health Care Planning = 213
• 8.1 Introduction = 213
• 8.2 Materials and Methodology = 214
• 8.3 Result & Discussion = 216
• 8.3.1 Distance to Road & Highway and Weightage = 216
• 8.3.2 Distance to Health Centres & City Hospitals and Weightage = 217
• 8.3.3 Weightage of Malaria Susceptible Model Map = 218
• 8.4 Hospital Requirement Index (HRI) and Hospital Requirement Zone (HRZ) = 220
• 8.5 Reasons for Systematic Planning of Health Facilities = 221
• 8.5.1 Inadequate Facilities and Network of Health Centres and Sub-Centres = 221
• 8.5.2 Poor Infrastructure Facilities at Primary Health Centres (PHCs) = 223
• 8.5.3 Distance Constraint = 224
• 8.5.4 Poor Socio-Economic Condition of the Villagers = 225
• 8.5.5 Less Availability of Doctors = 226
• 8.5.6 Lack of Awareness About the Services Available of PHCs / CHCs = 226
• 8.5.7 Cause of Dissatisfaction = 227
• 8.6 Education and Training = 229
• 8.7 Action Points = 230
• References = 231