레오 3세의 성상파괴 동기 = A Critical Interpretation on Motivations of Leo 3`s Iconoclasm

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The iconoclastic policy of LeoⅢ has not been properly estimated in the Byzantine history because many scholars have generally studied LeoⅢ`s iconoclasm on the basis of the extant documents which included biased views of iconodules. They have condemned that he took measures of iconoclasm due to Jewish or Muslim influence. This study analysed the distorted Byzantine sources critically and used oriental materials which remained without prejudices of iconodules to fairly examine Leo`s iconoclasm. Chapter two traced Byzantine sources which contain stories related to both Leo and Jews. As a result of that, it was proved that the stories were first made by a writer hating iconoclasm, transmitted to later generations, and transformed into other stories in the course of time. Consequently Byzantine accounts explaining the close relationship between Leo and Jews were not the records of truth but just fictions invented by iconodules. Chapter three critically examined the relation between Leo and Muslims in the basis of the oriental sources which remained purely without censorship of iconophiles. On the contrary to the Byzantine documents, these sources proved that Leo had no influence from Muslims. They instead showed that Leo firmly defended Orthodox against Islams. In short the analysis of these Byzantine and oriental sources does not give much support to modern theories of Jewish or Muslim influence on Leo`s iconoclasm. What did then motivate him to destroy images? Chapter four investigated the motivations of Leo`s iconoclasm. Leo had a political thought that Emperor is the only representative of God in earth because God gave over him an absolute power. This thought of Leo was clearly expressed in the preface of Ecloga, a law-code which had been published just before he took iconoclastic measures. He did not hesitate to decide iconoclasm because he strongly hold the ideology of, so to speak, Caesaropapism. The early period of Leo`s reign was dominated by several critical issues: the pressure of Arabs and Bulgars in frontier districts; the military expansion of Lombards in Italy; and the widespread of image cults in the whole empire. He domestically wanted to gather together the scattered energies of the people by means of iconoclastic device. Based on the concentrated energies, he hoped to revive the glory of Justinian Empire in the past. LeoⅢ`s iconoclasm was the best policy to satisfy such need and hope as he aspired to do.

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