Water resources development in developing countries

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• CHAPTER 1. WATER RESOURCES PLANNING OBJECTIVES
• Water resources = 6
• National policy = 7
• Water resources planning = 8
• Levels of water resource planning = 9
• Planning area boundaries = 10
• National objectives and goals = 11
• Planning objectives = 12
• Public involvement in identifying objectives = 14
• Project scale and appropriate technology in identifying objectives = 18
• The importance of population, patterns = 21
• Fiscal constraint5 = 22
• CHAPTER 2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS
• Introduction = 26
• Water, health and economics = 27
• Assessing social impacts = 28
• Acquiring basic social data = 29
• Pertinent social effects = 30
• Socio-economic factors = 30
• Quality of life indicators = 30
• Socio-economic factors = 31
• Agricultural factors = 31
• Services = 32
• Energy = 32
• Fuelwood = 32
• Electricity = 33
• Human diseases = 34
• Diseases = 34
• Prevantative measures = 36
• Aquatic weeds = 38
• The role of women = 39
• National policy = 41
• World population = 42
• Poverty = 42
• Human attitudes = 44
• CHAPTER 3. ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES
• Introduction = 47
• Master plan approach = 48
• Economic factors = 49
• Discount rates = 49
• Benefit and costs = 52
• Shadow pricing = 53
• Shadow pricing on project costs = 54
• Shadow prices on finance = 54
• Shadow pricing of water supply = 55
• Definition = 55
• Underdeveloped countries = 56
• Calculation = 57
• Problems = 58
• Example = 59
• Expert system = 63
• Conclusions = 64
• International funding agencies = 64
• The World Bank = 65
• The World Bank and IFC = 65
• Experience in investment by World Bank = 68
• The World Bank 1985 project review = 70
• Factors determining project success = 70
• Economic Impact = 73
• Policy impact = 73
• Social impact = 74
• Technological impact = 75
• Environmental concerns = 76
• Sustainability of project benefits = 77
• Lessons learned = 77
• Social impact on Malaysia first, second and third Jengka Triangle projects = 79
• Social impact of three irrigation projects in Korea, Turkey and Sri Lanka = 80
• The experience of the World Bank with government- sponsored land settlement = 82
• Case study, Khashm el Girba irrigation scheme, Sudan = 83
• CHAPTER 4. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION
• Introduction = 89
• Systems analysis techniques = 90
• Linear programming by the simplex method = 91
• The simplex method - an example = 92
• Other cases = 97
• Shadow prices and the dual function = 99
• Degeneracy = l00
• Computer program = 100
• Multi objective planning = 103
• CHAPTER 5. DECOMPOSITION OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS
• Example involving irrigation = 106
• CHAPTER 6. A PLANNING MODEL
• Introduction = 119
• Economic policy = 121
• The national master plan = 121
• Mechanics of the water resource plan = 122
• River basin sub-programmes = 128
• Conclusions = 129
• CHAPTER 7. RESERVOIR SIZING
• Introduction = 130
• Definitions = 131
• Mass flow methods = 132
• Simulation of reservoir operation = 134
• Storage-draft-frequency-analysis = 136
• Storage-draft calculation = 137
• Selection of low-flow sequences = 139
• Frequency analysis = 139
• Extension to ungauged areas = 140
• Reservoirs in series and parallel = 140
• Stochastic flow = 142
• Analytical and synthetic flow generation = 142
• Statistical analysis definition = 142
• Synthetic flow records = 143
• Estimating storage with extreme value distribution and serial correlation = 144
• Annual flow distribution = 145
• Extreme value distribution = 147
• Serial correlation = 148
• Reservoir simulation with synthetic distribution = 149
• Probability matrix methods = 151
• A simple mutually exclusive model = 151
• Queuing theory = 155
• CHAPTER 8. HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL NETWORK DESIGN AND DATA COLLECTION
• Introduction = 161
• Network design = 161
• Precipitation = 163
• Gauges = 163
• Raingauges and weather stations = 166
• Recording apparatus = 167
• Job creation and training = 168
• Streamflow = 169
• River gauging = 169
• Weir design = 171
• Gauges = 172
• Networks = 173
• Other networks = 174
• Types = 174
• Groundwater = 175
• Sediment = 175
• Water quality = 176
• Evaporation = 177
• Remote sensing = 178
• Radar = 179
• Satellites = 181
• Microwave radiometry = 183
• Other applications = 185
• CHAPTER 9. SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION
• Introduction = 187
• The main causes = 187
• Facts = 187
• Training aspects = 188
• Important facets in the solution = 189
• Reservoir sedimentation = 191
• Basin sediment yield = 191
• Effects of impoundments on sediment transport = 194
• Importance of sediment problems in water resource planning = 196
• Sediment deposition in reservoirs = 197
• Sediment movement and deposition = 197
• Estimating reservoir sediment deposition = 199
• Sediment deposition surveys in reservoirs = 201
• Sediment management measures = 203
• Reducing sediment inflow = 204
• Future trends = 205
• CHAPTER 10. IRRIGATION
• Lessons from the past = 207
• Small scale irrigation systems = 210
• Irrigation technology = 211
• Planning irrigation = 213
• Water requirements = 213
• Selection of emitters = 217
• Factors and objectives in the selection of emitters = 217
• CHAPTER 11. RURAL WATER SUPPLIES
• Introduction = 220
• Technical aspects = 220
• Case Study = 222
• Developments in supply = 224
• Attempts to supply water to rural population = 225
• Cost of rural water supplies = 225
• Value of Water = 227
• Optimization of bulk supplies = 229
• Optimum design of distribution networks = 229
• Application = 231
• Water supply index for ranking projects = 231
• Application of WSI = 232
• Water- Quality = 233
• CHAPTER 12. HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER DEVELOPMENT
• Introduction = 234
• Economics of development of hydro power = 234
• Risk in power development = 235
• Use of local facilities = 236
• Economic aspects = 236
• Case-study-economics = 237
• Case study - Collywobbles scheme on Mbashe River = 238
• Method for locating optimal sites for hydropower Stations = 239
• Application of the method = 242
• Coordination of planning and development = 244
• Small-scale hydro plants = 245
• Machine selection = 248
• Non-electric hydraulic power = 248
• CHAPTER 13. HUMAN RESOURCES
• Staffing needs = 250
• Consultants = 252
• Training and appropriate technology = 253
• Fields of study and training = 255
• Study and training programmes = 255
• Education and training course subjects = 256
• Labour-intensive construction = 260
• Labour- intensive public works construction and private contractors = 261
• Justification of the use of labour-intensive methods = 264
• Public authorities versus private contractors = 265
• Wage rate = 266
• Specifications and labour-intensive methods = 266
• Training = 266
• Labour only sub-contractors = 267
• Economics = 267
• Inducement = 268
• Management contracts = 269
• CHAPTER 14. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
• Introduction = 272
• Environmental impacts of proposed water resources development = 273
• Impacts on water and related sources = 274
• Impacts on land and related resources = 276
• Biological impacts = 276
• Impact on public health = 277
• Socio-economic impact = 277
• Assessment of environmental impact on dams = 278
• Matrix method = 278
• Instructions for filling in the matrix = 280
• AUTHOR INDEX = 285
• SUBJECT INDEX = 287