희귀 및 멸종위기식물인 광릉요강꽃의 개체군 구조 및 지속성 = Stage Structure and Population Persistence of Cypripedium japonicum Thunb., a Rare and Endangered Plants

국문 초록 (Abstract)

광릉요강꽃(Cypripedium japonicum Thunb.)은 한국, 중국, 일본에 분포하는 동아시아 특산식물로, 지구 수준의 IUCN Red List “위기(Endangered, EN)”로 평가되며, 한국의 국가 Red List에서는 “멸종위기(Critically Endangered, CR)”에 포함된다. 본 연구는 광릉요강꽃 자생지에서 7년 동안 수행된 개체통계학적(demographic) 모니터링 자료를 바탕으로 개체군 구조 및 변화양상을 분석하고, 개체군의 지속성에 대하여 예측하였다. 광릉요강꽃은 국내 7개 지역(포 천, 가평, 화천, 춘천, 영동, 무주, 광양)에서 자생지가 관찰되었고, 15개 아개체군에 4,356개체가 생육하는 것으로 확인되었다. 개체군 크기 및 구조는 지역별로 상이하였으며, 인위적 관리가 개체군 크기 및 구조 변화에 중요한 영향을 미치고 있었다. 7년 동안 개체 수 변화를 모니터링한 결과 광릉요강꽃의 개체군 생존력(Population Viability Analysis, PVA)은 지역별로 다양한 경향을 보였다: 향후 1세기 안에 멸절할 가능성은 포천 0.00%, 광양 10.90%, 춘천 24.05%, 화천 79.50%로 예측되었다. 모니터링이 수행된 위 연구지역은 현지 내 보호시설로 인위적 출입을 제한하고 있어 광릉요강꽃의 최대 위협요인인 인위적 남획 변수가 개체군 생존력에 반영되지 않았다. 즉, 실질적인 멸절 위험도는 본 연구에서 추정된 값보다 현저하게 클 것으로 예상된다. 국내 광릉요강꽃 개체군의 멸절위험도의 객관적 판단을 위해서는 향후 다양한 위협요인이 있는 여러 지역의 개체군 정보가 반영될 필요가 있으며, 국내·외로 광릉요강꽃 개체군에 대한 개체통계학적 모니터링을 확대해 나가야 할 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Cypripedium japonicum Thunb. is an endemic plant in East Asia, distributed only in Korea, China, and Japan. At the global level, the IUCN Red List evaluates it as "Endangered Species (EN)," and at the national level in Korea, it is evaluated as "Critically Endangered Species (CR)." In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the age structure and the sustainability of the population based on the data obtained by demographic monitoring conducted for seven years in the natural habitat. C. japonicum habitats were observed in 7 regions of Korea (Pochoen, Gapyeong, Hwacheon, Chuncheon, Yeongdong, Muju, Gwangyang), and 4,356 individuals in 15 subpopulations were identified. The population size and structure differed from region to region, and artificial management had a very important effect on the size and structural change of the population. Population viability analysis (PVA) based on changes in the number of individuals of C. japonicum showed a very diverse tendency by region. And the probability of population extinction in the next 100 years was 0.00% for Pocheon, 10.90% for Gwangyang, 24.05% for Chuncheon, and 79.50% for Hwacheon. Since the above monitored study sites were located within the conservation shelters, which restricted access by humans, unauthorized collection of C. japonicum, the biggest threat to the species, was not reflected in the individual viability. So, the risk of extinction in Korea is expected to be significantly higher than that estimated in this study. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect population information in several regions that may represent various threats to determine the extinction risk of the C. japonicum population objectively. In the future, we should expand the demographic monitoring of the C. japonicum population known in Korea.

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