타이완 지역 오스트로네시아어 사동 연구 = A Study on the Causative of Austronesian Languages in Taiwan

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper is a study on the causative of Austronesian languages in Taiwan. These languages have a syntactic causative, morphological causative, lexical causative, and continuums between syntactic and morphological causative. Syntactic causative of These languages belongs to complex sentence with a pivot structure. On the other hand, lexical causative and morphological causative belong to simple sentence structure. Some of these languages ​​have structures that combine syntactic causative and morphological causative. Tsou language has a causative continuum between syntactic causative and morphological causative formed using the particle 'poa'. Morphological causative is the most commonly used causative structure of Austronesian languages in Taiwan, and is constructed by using a causative affix or a focal affix as a causative affix. In some of these languages, depending on whether a causative affix is ​​added to a dynamic verb or a static verb (including adjectives), the type of causative affix may change or there may be restrictions on adding affixes. Also, about half of these languages ​​are characterized by being able to add a causative affix to a noun. Yami language can even add a causative affix to an onomatopoeia. In the Austronesian languages ​​of Taiwan, there is also a lexical causative structure that does not change the form between the original verb and the causative verb. In Saisiyat language, it was found that when the prefix 'in-' is added to a lexical causative verb, it changes to an intransitive verb. And as causer in the causative sentences of Austronesian languages in Taiwan, human nouns(or personal pronouns), animal nouns, natural object nouns, object nouns, and abstract nouns appear. In the Sakizaya language, constraints was found that required the appearance of inanimate noun phrases. Also, as causee in the causative sentences of Austronesian languages in Taiwan, human nouns(or personal pronouns), animal nouns, natural object nouns, object nouns, and abstract nouns appear. In Sakizaya and Amis languages, the prefix 'pi-' have functions to increase the causee's control over the causative situation. In terms of directness and indirectness of causative, Austronesian languages ​​in Taiwan generally show more direct meanings when the degree of fusion between the predicate of the cause event and the predicate of the effect event increases. In addition, it was found that the prefix 'pi-' in Amis language can contribute to increasing the indirectness of causative.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 齊莉莎, "魯凱語語法概論" 原住民族委員會 2018

2 曾思奇, "高山族阿眉斯语简志. 中国少数民族简志丛书. 卷四" 民族出版社 2009

3 陈康, "高山族排湾语简志. 中国少数民族简志丛书" 民族出版社 2009

4 曾思奇, "高山族布农语简志. 中国少数民族简志丛书. 卷四" 民族出版社 2009

5 吳靜蘭, "阿美語語法概論" 原住民族委員會 2018

6 張永利, "鄒語語法概論" 原住民族委員會 2018

7 簡史朗, "邵語語法概論" 原住民族委員會 2018

8 何德華, "達悟語語法概論" 原住民族委員會 2018

9 宋麗梅, "賽德克語語法概論" 原住民族委員會 2018

10 葉美利, "賽夏語語法概論" 原住民族委員會 2018

11 黃美金, "泰雅語語法概論" 原住民族委員會 2018

12 沈文琦, "撒奇萊雅語語法概論" 原住民族委員會 2018

13 張秀絹, "排灣語語法概論" 原住民族委員會 2018

14 潘家榮, "拉阿魯哇語語法概論" 原住民族委員會 2018

15 黃慧娟, "布農語語法概論" 原住民族委員會 2018

16 李佩容, "太魯閣語語法概論" 原住民族委員會 2018

17 謝富惠, "噶瑪蘭語語法概論" 原住民族委員會 2018

18 宋麗梅, "卡那卡那富語語法概論" 原住民族委員會 2018

19 鄧芳青, "卑南語語法概論" 原住民族委員會 2018

20 Shibatani. M., "The Grammar of Causative Constructions: A Conspectus. Syntax and Semantics. Vol.6" A Conspectus 1-40, 1976

21 Shibatani, M., "The Grammar of Causation and Interpersonal Manipulation" John Benjamins Publishing Company 1-22, 2002

22 Shibatani, M., "The Grammar of Causation and Interpersonal Manipulation" John Benjamins Publishing Company 85-126, 2002

23 Song, J. J., "Linguistic Typology: Morphology and Syntax" Pearson Education 2001

24 Comrie, B., "Language Universals and Linguistic Typology" The University of Chicago Press 1989

25 Dixon, R. M. W., "Changing Valency: Case studies in transitivity" Cambridge University Press 30-83, 2000

26 Song, J. J., "Causatives and Causation" Longman 1996