길장·원효·지의의 사구논법과 제법실상 해석 비교 연구 = A Comparative Study of Jizang, Wonhyo, and Zhiyi on the Fourfold Dialectic and the Interpretation of the True Aspect of All Dharmas

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study compares and analyzes the Fourfold Dialectic (四句論法) of Jizang, Wonhyo, and Zhiyi, who played pivotal roles in shaping the East Asian Buddhist understanding of the “true aspect of all dharmas” (諸法實相). Unlike Nāgārjuna’s primarily negative employment of the tetralemma, East Asian thinkers transformed it into an active hermeneutical method for grasping ultimate reality. In this context, the present paper examines Jizang’s logic of mutual dependence (相依相關) and his interpretation of the Middle Way as “neither existence nor nonexistence” (非有非無), Wonhyo’s hwajaeng (和諍)-oriented affirmation of the tetralemma, and Zhiyi’s analytical approach to the Fourfold Dialectic, thereby highlighting the originality of their respective interpretations.
Jizang, through his logic of mutual dependence, directed attention to the ultimate Middle Way of “forgetting words and silencing thought” (言忘慮絶). Wonhyo, by affirming all four alternatives of the tetralemma, constructed an open framework of reconciliation that dissolves oppositions. Zhiyi, by treating discriminations of the four alternatives as indispensable to practice, developed a systematic methodology for liberation and the realization of the “perfect teaching’s true aspect” (圓敎實相). While each thinker inherited the Madhyamaka tradition, they creatively reinterpreted the tetralemma within the socio-cultural contexts of sixth- and seventh-century East Asia. Such hermeneutical transformations exemplify the distinctive developments of the East Asian Buddhist philosophical “golden age.”