마늘 및 2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic acid의 投與가 姙娠白鼠의 카드뮴中毒에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究 = A Study on the Effect of Garlic and 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid on the Cadmium Poisoning of Pregnant Rat

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Recently the garlic has been proved to have some protective effect on the heavy metal poisoning of cadmium and mercury in several studies. From this fact it may be assumed that the garlic would have a protective effect to the toxicity of heavy metals in pregnant rat also. Therefore this study was designed to confirm the effect of garlic on the toxicity of cadmium in the pregnant rat and its fetus. The result of it was compared with that of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA).
The experimental groups were devided into 3 groups; cadmium-alone treated group, cadmium-garlic combined treated group, cadmium-DMSA combined treated group. Each group was composed of 3 sub-groups according to the dosage of cadmium injection. The total of 4㎎/kg, 8㎎/kg and 16㎎/kg of cadmium was injected subcutaneously at the back of pregnant rat in each subgroup for 4 days, from the 14th to the 17th day of gestational period.
Garlic and DMSA were administered per os from the day before cadmium injection to the 21st gestational day.
The results of this study were as follows:
1. The inhibition of fetal growth due to cadmium administration into pregnant rat was prohibited in cadmium-garlic or cadmium-DMSA combined treated group except for the 16㎎/kg cadmium injected subgroups.
2. The accumulation of cadmium in tissues of liver, kidney and blood of pregnant rat, placenta and fetus was increased according to the increase amount of cadmium injection in all 3 experimental groups. Garlic and DMSA decreased the cadmium levels of maternal liver, kidney and blood, but there was no significant difference of cadmium level between garlic and DMSA treated group.
3. Garlic decreased the accumulation of cadmium in tissues of placenta and fetus, but it was not significant statistically comparing with that of DMSA or no-treatment group. Correlations of cadmium levels among maternal blood, placenta and fetus were positively high.
4. Necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules with pyknosis of epithelial cells was observed extensively in fetal kidney of cadmium-alone treated rat. However, the necrosis of the tubules was found only in small numbers of the tubules in cadmium-garlic combined treated one, but there was no remarkable change in cadmium-DMSA combined treated rat comparing with cadmium-alone treated one.
As a conclusion this study revealed that the garlic would reduce the accumulation of cadmium in maternal tissues and protect against the toxic effect of cadmium at fetus in context of the growth inhibition and histopathological damage of kidney, but would not attribute the interfering the transportation of cadmium through placental barrier.