Mass media law : Don R. Pember

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = ⅸ
• Bill of Rights = xii
• 1 The American Legal System = 1
• Sources of the Law = 2
• The Common Law = 3
• The Law of Equity = 8
• Statutory Law = 9
• Constitutional Law = 10
• Administrative Rules = 12
• SUMMARY = 14
• The Judicial System = 15
• Facts Versus the Law = 15
• The Federal Court System = 17
• The State Court System = 26
• Judicial Review = 27
• Lawsuits = 28
• SUMMARY = 32
• Bibliography = 32
• 2 The First Amendment : The Meaning of Freedom = 33
• Historical Development = 34
• Freedom of the Press in England = 34
• Freedom of the Press in Colonial America = 35
• SUMMARY = 38
• The First Amendment = 39
• The New Constitution = 39
• Freedom of Expression in the 18th Century = 41
• Freedom of Expression Today = 42
• SUMMARY = 46
• The Meaning of Freedom = 46
• Seditious Libel and the Right to Criticize the Government = 47
• Alien and Sedition Acts = 48
• Sedition in World War Ⅰ = 49
• The Smith Act = 51
• Depining the Limits of Freedom of Expression = 52
• SUMMARY = 60
• Taxation and the Press = 61
• SUMMARY = 65
• Prior Restraint = 65
• Near v. Minnesota = 66
• Austin v. Keefe = 67
• Pentagon Papers Case = 68
• Progressive Magazine Case = 70
• SUMMARY = 72
• Bibliography = 73
• 3 The First Amendment : Contemporary Problems = 75
• Prior Restraint During Wartime = 76
• War in the Persian Gulf = 77
• SUMMARY = 81
• The First Amendment in the Schools = 82
• Censorship of the High School Press = 83
• Censorship of College Newspapers = 90
• Book Banning = 95
• SUMMARY = 100
• Time, Place, and Manner Restrictions = 100
• Forum Analysis = 104
• Public Forums = 105
• Private Forums = 110
• SUMMARY = 112
• Other Prior Restraints = 113
• Son of Sam Laws = 113
• Prior Restraint and Protests = 114
• SUMMARY = 115
• Hate Speech = 116
• Fighting Words Doctrine = 117
• SUMMARY = 119
• The First Amendment and the Information Superhighway = 119
• Bibliography = 123
• 4 Libel : Establishing a Case = 127
• The Libel Landscape = 128
• Winning and Losing Libel Suits = 129
• The Lawsuit as a Weapon = 131
• Resolving the Problem = 133
• SUMMARY = 135
• Law of Defamation = 135
• Elements of Libel = 136
• Publication = 139
• Identification = 142
• Group Identification = 145
• Defamation = 146
• Falsity = 153
• SUMMARY = 158
• Bibliography = 158
• 5 Libel : Proof of Fault = 161
• New York Times V. Sullivan = 162
• The Rationale for the Ruling = 163
• Public Persons Versus Private Persons = 165
• Who Is a Public Official? = 165
• All-Purpose Public Figures = 169
• Limited-Purpose Public Figures = 170
• Lower-Court Rulings = 176
• Businesses as Public Figures = 180
• The Public Figure Over Time = 182
• Private Persons = 184
• SUMMARY = 184
• The Meaning of Fault = 185
• Negligence = 186
• Actual Malice = 189
• SUMMARY = 198
• Bibliography = 198
• 6 Libel : Defenses and Damages = 201
• Summary and Judgment／Statute of Limitations = 202
• Statute of Limitations = 203
• SUMMARY = 207
• Truth = 207
• Privileged Communications = 207
• Absolute Privilege = 208
• Qualified Privilege = 209
• Neutral Reportage = 213
• Abuse of Privilege = 215
• SUMMARY = 217
• Protection of Opinion = 217
• Rhetorical Hyperbole = 217
• The First Amendment = 219
• Fair Comment and Criticism = 223
• SUMMARY = 225
• Defenses and Damages = 226
• Consent = 226
• Right of Reply = 226
• Damages = 228
• Retraction Statutes = 230
• SUMMARY = 231
• Criminal Libel = 232
• Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress = 234
• SUMMARY = 236
• Bibliography = 237
• 7 Invasion of Privacy : Appropriation and Intrusion = 239
• The Growth of Privacy Law = 240
• Privacy and the Internet = 242
• Appropriation = 243
• Early Cases = 245
• Use of Name or Likeness = 246
• Advertising and Trade Purposes = 249
• News and Information Exception = 250
• Other Exceptions = 252
• Consent as a Defense = 255
• Life After Death = 259
• SUMMARY = 260
• Intrusion = 260
• Intrusion and the Internet = 261
• Intrusion and the Press = 266
• No Privacy in Public = 266
• The Use of Hidden Recording Devices = 269
• Intrusion and the Publication of Information Obtained Illegally = 271
• SUMMARY = 272
• Bibliography = 272
• 8 Invasion of Privacy : Publication of Private Information and False Light = 275
• Publicity About Private Facts = 276
• Publicity = 277
• Private Facts = 277
• Offensive Material = 282
• Legitimate Public Concern = 284
• Recounting the Past = 290
• Private Facts on the Internet = 292
• SUMMARY = 294
• False Light Privacy = 294
• Fictionalization = 295
• Other Falsehoods = 297
• Highly Offensive Material = 298
• The Fault Requirement = 299
• SUMMARY = 302
• Bibliography = 302
• 9 Gathering Information : Records and Meetings = 303
• News Gathering and the Law = 305
• The Constitution and News Gathering = 305
• SUMMARY = 320
• The Freedom of Information Act = 320
• FOIA and Electronic Communication = 323
• Agency Records = 324
• FOIA Exemptions = 328
• Handling FOIA Requests = 343
• Federal Open-Meetings Law = 346
• SUMMARY = 348
• State Laws on Meetings and Records = 348
• State Open-Meetings Laws = 349
• State Open-Records Laws = 352
• The Privatization of Public Government = 353
• SUMMARY = 354
• Laws That Restrict Access to Information = 355
• General Education Provisions Act = 355
• The Federal Privacy Law = 355
• Criminal History Privacy Laws = 357
• State Statutes That Limit Access to Information = 358
• SUMMARY = 359
• Bibliography = 359
• 10 Protection of News Sources／Contempt Power = 363
• News and News Sources = 365
• Promissory Estoppel = 370
• Constitutional Protection of News Sources = 373
• Lower-Court Rulings = 375
• Nonconfidential Information and Waiver of the Privilege = 382
• Who is a Journalist? = 384
• Telephone Records = 385
• SUMMARY = 386
• Legislative and Executive Protection of News Sources = 387
• Shield Laws = 387
• Federal Guidelines = 390
• Telephone Records = 390
• Newsroom Searches = 391
• How to Respond to a Subpoena = 393
• SUMMARY = 394
• The Contempt Power = 395
• History of Contempt = 395
• Kinds of Contempt = 396
• Limitations on Contempt Power = 397
• Collateral Bar Rule = 402
• SUMMARY = 404
• Bibliography = 404
• 11 Free Press／Fair Trial : Trial Level Remedies and Restrictive Orders = 407
• Prejudicial Crime Reporting = 408
• Impact on Jurors = 409
• The Law and Prejudicial News = 410
• SUMMARY = 411
• Traditional Judicial Remedies = 412
• Voir Dire = 412
• Change of Venue = 414
• Continuance = 415
• Admonition to the Jury = 415
• Sequestration of the Jury = 416
• Court Proceedings and the Simpson Trials = 417
• SUMMARY = 418
• Restrictive Orders to Control Publicity = 418
• Restrictive Orders Aimed at the Press = 421
• Restrictive Orders Aimed ot Trial Participants = 426
• SUMMARY = 430
• Bibliography = 431
• 12 Free Press／Fair Trial : Closed Judicial Proceedings = 433
• Closed Proceedings and Scaled Documents = 434
• Access to Trials = 434
• Closure of Other Hearings = 437
• Presumptively Open Hearings = 441
• Presumptively Open Documents = 443
• Access and the Broadcast Journalist = 447
• Recording and Televising Judicial Proceedings = 450
• SUMMARY = 455
• Bench-Bar-Press Guidelines = 456
• SUMMARY = 457
• Bibliography = 457
• 13 Regulation of Obscene and Other Erotic Material = 459
• The Law of Obscenity = 460
• Early Obscenity Law = 462
• Defining Obscenity = 463
• SUMMARY = 463
• Contemporary Obscenity Law = 464
• The Miller Test = 464
• Other Standards = 469
• SUMMARY = 473
• Controlling Obscenity = 474
• Civil Nuisance Laws = 475
• RICO Statutes = 476
• Pastal Censorship = 478
• Film Censorship = 478
• SUMMARY = 479
• Regulation of Nonobscene Erotic Material = 480
• Zoning Laws = 480
• Cleaning Up the Post Exchange = 483
• Attacks on the Arts = 484
• Congress and Arts Funding = 486
• Erotic Materials in Cyberspace = 487
• Software Filters and the First Amendment = 491
• SUMMARY = 493
• Bibliography = 494
• 14 Copyright = 497
• Immaterial Property Law = 498
• Patents = 498
• Trademarks = 498
• Plagiarism = 502
• Protecting Literary Property = 503
• Roots of the Law = 505
• What May Be Copyrighted = 506
• Telephone Books and Databases = 510
• News Events = 511
• Misappropriation = 513
• Duration of Copyright Protection = 514
• SUMMARY = 515
• Fair Use = 515
• Purpose and Character of Use = 517
• Nature of the Copyrighted Work = 519
• Amount of a Work Used = 522
• Effect of Use on Market = 525
• Application of the Criteria = 527
• SUMMARY = 528
• Copyright Protection and Infringement = 528
• Copyright Notice = 529
• Registration = 530
• Infringement = 531
• Copyright Infringement and the Internet = 537
• SUMMARY = 539
• Free-Lancing and Copyright = 540
• Damages = 541
• Bibliography = 542
• 15 Regulation of Advertising = 545
• Advertising and the First Amendment = 546
• Commercial Speech Doctrine = 548
• Tobacco Advertising and the First Amendment = 551
• SUMMARY = 553
• The Regulation of Advertising = 553
• Self-Regulation = 554
• Lawsuits by Competitors and Consumers = 554
• State and Local Laws = 557
• Federal Regulation = 558
• SUMMARY = 560
• Federal Trade Commission = 560
• False Advertising Defined = 562
• Means to Police Deceptive Advertising = 566
• SUMMARY = 573
• The Regulatory Process = 574
• Procedures = 574
• Special Cases of Deceptive Advertising = 575
• Defenses = 578
• Advertising Agency／Publisher Liability = 578
• SUMMARY = 580
• Bibliography 580
• 16 Telecommunications Regulation : History and Licensing = 583
• History of Regulation = 584
• Changes in Philosophy, Changes in Rules = 586
• Deregulation by the FCC = 586
• The Telecommunication Act of 1996 = 587
• SUMMARY = 588
• Basic Broadcast Regulation = 588
• Federal Communications Commission = 588
• Licensing = 590
• SUMMARY = 595
• Bibliography = 596
• 17 Telecommunications Regulation : Content Controls and Cable = 597
• Regulation of Program Content = 598
• Sanctions = 598
• Regulation of Children's Programming = 600
• Obscene or Indecent Material = 602
• Violence on Television = 605
• SUMMARY = 607
• Regulation of Political Programming = 607
• Candidate Access Rule = 608
• Equal Opportunity／Equal Time Rule = 610
• SUMMARY = 616
• News and Public Affairs = 617
• Other Content Regulations = 619
• Personal Attacks and Political Editorials = 620
• The First Amendment = 621
• SUMMARY = 622
• Regulation of New Technology = 623
• Cable Television = 623
• Federal Legislation Regulating Cable Television = 623
• Other Telecommunications Services = 630
• SUMMARY = 631
• Bibliography = 631
• Glossary = 633
• Table of Cases = 641
• Index = 653