국내 적정 배출계수 산정과 이를 적용한 이산화탄소 배출량 산정식 제안: NATM 터널 LCA (A1-A5)를 중심으로 = Proposal of a CO2 emission estimation equations based on the derivation of appropriate domestic emission factors and their application: Focusing on NATM tunnel LCA (A1-A5)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As climate change intensifies, the frequency of natural disasters is increasing and greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions from the industrial sector are becoming a critical concern. In response, many countries have declared a 2050 Net-Zero target based on IPCC reports and are strengthening carbon-reduction strategies in the infrastructure sector. In Korea, institutional foundations for GHG mitigation have also been established through the enactment of the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and GreenGrowth and its enforcement decree. Although emissions generated during tunnel construction are reported to have substantial environmental impacts, domestic studieshave largely focused on a limited set of SOC facilities, and tunnel-specific literature remains scarce. Therefore, this study reviews domestic and international research trends related to tunnel construction emissions. Korea-specific emission factors applicable to this study were selected based on the 2024 National Greenhouse Gas InventoryReport and the 2024 Approved National GHG Emission Factors issued by the Ministry of Climate, Energy and Environment; where emission factors were not explicitly provided, they were estimated using the TOTAL Ver. 6.6.2 program developed by the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI). Using the derived emission factors, we adoptedthe framework and key assumptions of the CO2 emission calculation model proposed by prior international studies and developed a calculation model that quantifies CO2 emissions occurring during the construction phase of NATM tunnels, which directly drives GHG emissions, and CO2 emissions attributable to material use. Finally, the validity of the proposed equations was evaluated by comparing emission factors from prior studies with the Korea-specific emission factors derived in this study.