唐·宋 戶等制의 변화와 高麗的 변용 = The Change of the Household Class System in Tang and Song, and Its Modification in Goryeo

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The household class system(戶等制) of Goryeo basically succeeded to Shilla’s system. However, it was changed into three-class system of household according to social changes during the late period of Shilla and the early period of Goryeo. The three-class system of household in Goryeo was established by modifying the five-class system of household of Song under the influence of the five-class system of household in the late period of Tang and the period of the Five Dynasties.
The household class system changed from nine-class system to the five-class system during the period of Tang and Song. This change was caused by a change of class standard according to social and economic changes during this period. The class standard of the nine-class system of household in Tang essentially depended on a financial condition. But the number of adult males(人丁) was another key factor of it. As a military system(府兵制) and a tax system of Tang no longer functioned during the late period of Tang and the period of the Five Dynasties, it was necessary to establish New systems.
The purpose of household class system was to assign public service(職役) and to impose a tax according to financial status of each household. In the early period of the Five Dynasties, the five-class system of household based on the number of planted trees(植樹) appeared. It was used in various ways in Song. The primary role of five-class system of Song was to assign public service.
Goryeo and China established diplomatic relations and visited each other often through envoy in the period of the Five Dynasties and the early period of the Song Dynasty. Considering that Goryeo had a close relation with Later Zhou(後周) and Song, Goryeo must have accepted their system. The household class system of Goryeo divided households into several classes according to the number of planted trees like Later Zhou.
The main role of the household class system was to assign public services such as a local official service(Hyangniyeok, 鄕吏役) and a military service(軍役) in Goryeo as well as Song. While Song’s system assigned public service to households over third class, Goryeo’s system imposed a local official service, a military service, and a hostage service(Giinyeok, 其人役) to Jokjeong households(足丁戶) and Banjeong households(半丁戶) on the basis of the family register. Goryeo accepted the five-class system of household of China during the late period of Tang and the period of the Five Dynasties. However, it seems that Goryeo developed the three-class system of household when the administrative system divided into counties and prefectures(郡縣制) was organized according to the number of adult males(丁數).

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The household class system(戶等制) of Goryeo basically succeeded to Shilla’s system. However, it was changed into three-class system of household according to social changes during the late period of Shilla and the early period of Goryeo. The three-class system of household in Goryeo was established by modifying the five-class system of household of Song under the influence of the five-class system of household in the late period of Tang and the period of the Five Dynasties.
The household class system changed from nine-class system to the five-class system during the period of Tang and Song. This change was caused by a change of class standard according to social and economic changes during this period. The class standard of the nine-class system of household in Tang essentially depended on a financial condition. But the number of adult males(人丁) was another key factor of it. As a military system(府兵制) and a tax system of Tang no longer functioned during the late period of Tang and the period of the Five Dynasties, it was necessary to establish New systems.
The purpose of household class system was to assign public service(職役) and to impose a tax according to financial status of each household. In the early period of the Five Dynasties, the five-class system of household based on the number of planted trees(植樹) appeared. It was used in various ways in Song. The primary role of five-class system of Song was to assign public service.
Goryeo and China established diplomatic relations and visited each other often through envoy in the period of the Five Dynasties and the early period of the Song Dynasty. Considering that Goryeo had a close relation with Later Zhou(後周) and Song, Goryeo must have accepted their system. The household class system of Goryeo divided households into several classes according to the number of planted trees like Later Zhou.
The main role of the household class system was to assign public services such as a local official service(Hyangniyeok, 鄕吏役) and a military service(軍役) in Goryeo as well as Song. While Song’s system assigned public service to households over third class, Goryeo’s system imposed a local official service, a military service, and a hostage service(Giinyeok, 其人役) to Jokjeong households(足丁戶) and Banjeong households(半丁戶) on the basis of the family register. Goryeo accepted the five-class system of household of China during the late period of Tang and the period of the Five Dynasties. However, it seems that Goryeo developed the three-class system of household when the administrative system divided into counties and prefectures(郡縣制) was organized according to the number of adult males(丁數).

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