Factors affecting smile esthetics in adults with different types of anterior overjet malocclusion

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objective: This study aimed to quantitatively assess the relationship of smile esthetic variables with various types of malocclusion, and identify the cephalometric factors affecting smile measurements. Methods: This retrospective study included 106 patients who were treated with retention at the orthodontic department of Taipei Medical University Hospital. Hard-tissue variables were measured using lateral cephalographic tracings, and nine smile esthetic variables were measured using facial photographs. The patients were divided into three groups according to their overjet (< 0, 0–4, and > 4 mm). An analysis of variance was conducted to compare the pretreatment cephalometric variables and smile esthetic variables among the three groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the cephalometric factors affecting the smile measurements in each group. Results: Except the upper midline and buccal corridor ratio, all of the smile measurements differed significantly among the three groups before orthodontic treatment. Some of the smile characteristics were correlated with the cephalometric measurements in different types of malocclusion. The overjet was the major factor influencing the smile pattern in all three types of malocclusion. Conclusions: Smile characteristics differ between different types of malocclusion; the smile may be influenced by skeletal pattern, dental procumbency, or facial type. These findings indicate that establishment of an optimal horizontal anterior teeth relationship is the key to improving the smile characteristics in different types of malocclusion.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• INTRODUCTION
• MATERIALS AND METHODS
• RESULTS
• DISCUSSION
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Van Der Geld P, "Tooth display and lip position during spontaneous and posed smiling in adults" 66 : 207-213, 2008

2 Havens DC, "The role of the posed smile in overall facial esthetics" 80 : 322-328, 2010

3 Sarver DM, "The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc" 120 : 98-111, 2001

4 Campbell CM, "The effect of increased overjet on the magnitude and reproducibility of smiling in adult females" 34 : 640-645, 2012

5 Frush JP, "The dynesthetic interpretation of the dentogenic concept" 8 : 558-581, 1958

6 Schabel BJ, "Subjective vs objective evaluations of smile esthetics" 135 (135): S72-S79, 2009

7 Goldstein RE, "Study of need for esthetics in dentistry" 21 : 589-598, 1969

8 Dahlberg G, "Statistical methods for medical and biological students" 2 : 358-359, 1940

9 Springer NC, "Smile esthetics from the layperson's perspective" 139 : e91-e101, 2011

10 Chang CA, "Smile esthetics from patients' perspectives for faces of varying attractiveness" 140 : e171-e180, 2011

11 Ackerman MB, "Smile analysis and design in the digital era" 36 : 221-236, 2002

12 Schmidt KL, "Signal characteristics of spontaneous facial expressions: automatic movement in solitary and social smiles" 65 : 49-66, 2003

13 Grippaudo C, "Relationship between vertical facial patterns and dental arch form in class II malocclusion" 14 : 43-, 2013

14 Giuntini V, "Mesial rotation of upper first molars in Class II division 1 malocclusion in the mixed dentition: a controlled blind study" 12 : 107-113, 2011

15 Torrance GW, "Measurement of health state utilities for economic appraisal" 5 : 1-30, 1986

16 Islam R, "Lip morphological changes in orthodontic treatment. Class II division 1: malocclusion and normal occlusion at rest and on smiling" 79 : 256-264, 2009

17 Pinho S, "Impact of dental asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics" 132 : 748-753, 2007

18 Kiekens RM, "Facial esthetics in adolescents and its relationship to “ideal"ratios and angles" 133 : 188.e1-188.e8, 2008

19 Yu X, "Evaluation of facial attractiveness for patients with malocclusion: a machine-learning technique employing Procrustes" 84 : 410-416, 2014

20 Sarver DM, "Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 1. Evolution of the concept and dynamic records for smile capture" 124 : 4-12, 2003

21 Sarver DM, "Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: Part 2. Smile analysis and treatment strategies" 124 : 116-127, 2003

22 Celik E, "Comparison of cephalometric measurements with digital versus conventional cephalometric analysis" 31 : 241-246, 2009

23 Schabel BJ, "Clinical photography vs digital video clips for the assessment of smile esthetics" 80 : 490-496, 2010

24 Krishnan V, "Characterization of posed smile by using visual analog scale, smile arc, buccal corridor measures, and modified smile index" 133 : 515-523, 2008

25 Lan HW, "Changes in the smile after orthodontic treatment" 26 : 17-25, 2006

26 O'Doherty J, "Beauty in a smile: the role of medial orbitofrontal cortex in facial attractiveness" 41 : 147-155, 2003

27 Akyalcin S, "Analysis of smile esthetics in American Board of Orthodontic patients" 84 : 486-491, 2014

28 Ackerman MB, "An evaluation of dynamic lip-tooth characteristics during speech and smile in adolescents" 74 : 43-50, 2004

29 Hulsey CM, "An esthetic evaluation of lip-teeth relationships present in the smile" 57 : 132-144, 1970

30 Ackerman JL, "A morphometric analysis of the posed smile" 1 : 2-11, 1998