아동의 자기과대평가의 적응적 가치 = Adaptive values of children's self-overestimation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Two studies investigated the functional value of children's poor metacognition by examining how adults perceive such self-overestimation. In Study 1, adults read scenarios about 7- and 10-year-old children who were either accurate or overestimated their performance on a memory task. They were then asked to rate these hypothetical children in terms of intellectual, social, and personality characteristics. Parents and teachers thought that the young children who overestimated their performance were more vulnerable, helpless, and imaginative, but less smart and independent than accurate one. In Study 2, adults were asked which of two children (one who overestimated his/her performance and one who was accurate) they would prefer to baby sit for. Although adults chose the accurate and overestimating children with comparable frequency, they professed different reasons for their choices. Moreover, this tendency varied with children's age. We suggest that children's overestimation of their ability may reflect an ontogenetic adaptation, which serves an adaptive function early in development, in part, by endearing them to adults.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 아동기 사고의 전형적인 특성인 사고의 정적 편향성, 즉 자기과대평가의 적응적 가치를 분석해 보는 것이었다. 설문지를 통해 성인들이 아동의 자기과대평가를 어떻게 지각하고 있으며, 성인의 지각이 실제 양육 행동에 어떠한 영향을 줄 것인지 예측해봄으로써 자기과대평가의 사회 정서적 측면에서의 적응적 가치를 알아보았다. 연구 1에서는 자신의 수행을 지나치게 과대평가하거나 비교적 정확하게 평가하는 두 유형의 7세, 10세 아동에 대한 이야기를 성인에게 제시한 후, 각 아동에 대한 성인의 주관적인 느낌을 평가하게 하였다. 결과, 성인들은 어린 아동의 과대평가를 긍정적으로 지각하고 있었으며 아동의 자기과대평가는 보호하거나 돌봐주고 싶은 느낌을 이끌어 내는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 2에서는 성인으로 하여금 아동을 한명을 돌봐야 하는 가설적인 상황에서 과대평가 아동과 근접평가 아동 중 어떤 아동을 돌보고 싶은지 선택하게 하였고, 그 이유를 물어보았다. 결과 10세 아동의 경우는 근접평가 아동의 피 선택 비율이 유의하게 높았던 반면, 7세 아동의 경우는 유형에 따른 선택 빈도에 차이가 없었다. 그러나 선택의 이유에서는 유형에 따른 차이가 유의했다. 논의에서는 아동기 과대평가의 적응적 가치를 진화 발달적 관점에서 논의하였다.

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