Living organisms—including humans, animals, and plants—are constantly exposed to diseases caused by pathogens, genetic factors, or environmental influences, underscoring the importance of early and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. Over ...
Living organisms—including humans, animals, and plants—are constantly exposed to diseases caused by pathogens, genetic factors, or environmental influences, underscoring the importance of early and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. Over the years, diagnostic technologies have advanced, with representative approaches such as molecular diagnostics (e.g., PCR), immunodiagnostics based on antigen–antibody interactions, and physicochemical sensing platforms including electrochemical and optical methods. A critical prerequisite for these diagnostic tools is appropriate sample preparation, as naturally occurring specimens rarely exist in analyzable forms with sufficient purity or concentration. Accordingly, sample pretreatment—encompassing the extraction and liquefaction of target analytes from solid matrices as well as the purification and concentration of liquid-phase samples—plays a pivotal role in enhancing diagnostic performance, though conventional methods often face limitations in combining portability with high throughput for point-of-care applications.
In this dissertation, I focused on developing rapid and compact bio-sample preparation systems that bridge real-world specimens to downstream analytical platforms. i) A twin-screw homogenization device was designed for efficient extraction of target substances from solid complex matrices. By generating high shear forces within a compact area, the platform achieved up to 30-fold faster extraction compared to conventional methods, enabling liquefaction of solid tissues within 1 minute. Its performance was validated through single-cell dissociation of animal tissues and pathogen extraction from plant matrices. ii) An electric-field-assisted membrane device was developed for purification and concentration of nanoscale targets from colloidal samples. Leveraging electrokinetic mechanisms in place of physical blocking, the device achieved a twofold increase in concentration and detection efficiency under lower operating pressures compared to conventional approaches. The system was validated through the concentration and detection of microplastics and bacteria in drinking water. This work establishes a novel sample preparation framework characterized by rapid operation, portability, and continuous processing capability, thereby enabling practical integration with downstream molecular, immunological, and physicochemical diagnostic systems for on-site disease detection.