Due to rapid urbanization around the world, the population living in cities is increasing, causing urban energy consumption and environmental problems. Accordingly, the response to climate change by country for energy saving and carbon reduction at th...
Due to rapid urbanization around the world, the population living in cities is increasing, causing urban energy consumption and environmental problems. Accordingly, the response to climate change by country for energy saving and carbon reduction at the city level is emerging as a universal international problem.
Greenhouse gas is generated as a result of energy consumption, and in order to reduce it, it is necessary to save energy and to spread and expand new and renewable energy. In addition, it was confirmed that there is a limit to the energy saving of the net zero energy level with the existing laws, systems, regulations, and standards.
In this paper, as a plan to expand the concept of zero energy in the building unit to the district unit for energy saving, the calculation of the energy independence rate for the quantitative level and the composition of new and renewable energy were studied.
In this study, the concept of zero energy in the building unit was expanded and established in the district unit. A zero-energy design process for each district was proposed, and the calculation procedure and calculation method of the energy independence rate for quantitative analysis were presented. A ‘level algorithm’ applicable to the district unit was proposed. To evaluate the level of energy independence in the planning stage, an energy independence rate evaluation tool with a calculation formula applied was presented.
A model district was selected and a simulation of the surrounding environment and sunlight analysis of the entire district was performed in the solar analysis centered on the existing single building. Through the simulation, it was confirmed that the effect of shading on the buildings and public spaces of the entire district, such as the rooftops and elevations of buildings, and parks and green spaces other than buildings. The difference between the installable area and the installable capacity was verified through the analysis of the effect of shading.
For the verification and analysis of the algorithm for each step of the district-level zero-energy plan, the results for each case according to the level are presented. A new and renewable energy source was constructed so that the energy independence rate was satisfied by applying fuel cells to energy production that was lacking in buildings and outside PVs in the district. Fuel cells were classified into the household, building, and power generation, and their impact on the energy independence rate inside and outside the district was analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the effect of the energy independence rate was higher in the fuel cell than in the PV. It was verified that energy production through the energy supply of fuel cells outside the earth is necessary for net-zero energy in the district unit.
For the zero energy plan at the district level, it is necessary to establish a PV installation plan after analyzing the sunlight in the entire district in the preliminary review step. In the case of insufficient energy, it is important to establish an energy plan that applies new and renewable energy such as fuel cells inside and outside the district to reach the target of the energy independence rate.
It is judged that this paper will be used in the certification criteria to quantify and standardize the zero energy plan at the district level. It is expected to contribute to greenhouse gas reduction and energy conversion by activating carbon neutrality, net-zero energy, and RE100 through reduction of fossil energy in the district unit and expansion of new and renewable energy.