수요방정식 시스템의 이론과 실제: 한국 일본 중국과의 비교 = The Testing of Systems of Demand Equations: an Empir ical Compar ison of Korea, Japan and China

국문 초록 (Abstract)

신고전학파 수요이론을 인용하면 소비자는 총지출로 구입한 상품들을 사용함으로서 효용을 극대화시키며, 그 수요량은 상품들의 가격과 총지출의 수준에 영향을 받는다. 이 수요방정식은 수요의 성질에 의해 제한을 받고 총지출과 가격에 의해 결정되어지는데 이것을 수요시스템이라고 부른다. 이 논문의 목적은 한국 일본 중국의 가계조사로 수요시스템을 검정하는 것이다. 구체적으로 수요시스템은 이론적 수요의 성질, 즉 가산성 동차성 그리고 대칭성을 만족시킨다. 이 연구에서 실증적으로 실패했지만 의미가 없는 것은 아니다. 소비자수요 이론으로 수요방정식을 추정하였으므로 대체로 이론적으로 만족스러웠고 미래의 수요변화예측의 가능성도 있다. 수요이론을 검정하는 과정에서 총가격탄력성과 총지출탄력성을 추정하여 분석하였다. 수요패턴의 분석과정에서 세 나라의 비슷한 점과 다른 점이 발견되었다. 삼국의 차이는 경제성장단계, 소득수준, 주택 자가률, 내구소비재 보급률, 소비에 관한 관습, 문화와 제도 등에 영향을 받을 수 있다. 다른 수요모델로 수요성질의 이론과 실제를 검정하여 비교분석하는 것이 바람직하겠다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Neo-classical demand theory says that individual consumer maximizes his and her satisfaction or utility from commodities consumed at given income or total expenditure and quantities demanded depend on the prices of commodities and the level of total expenditure, ceteris paribus(other things equal). The purpose of this thesis is to test the sound demand system with Korean Japanese and Chinese statistics extensively. Specifically, the complete system of demand satisfies the theoretical restrictions, which are adding-up, homogeneity and symmetry. Empirical validity was failed, which is not meaningless. As a by-product total price elasticities and total expenditure elasticities give us the insight of the demand behaviour. The conclusion was allowed us to test a alternative demand model.

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