놀이중심 집단상담 프로그램이 초등학생의 자기효능감, 자아탄력성 향상과 학습된 무기력 감소에 미치는 효과 = The effects of play-based group therapy program to increase self-efficacy, ego-resilience and to decrease learned-helplessness of elementary school students

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to confirm play-based group therapy program to increase self-efficacy, ego-resilience and to decrease learned-helplessness of elementary school student. The program of the experimental group was implemented once a week for 50 minutes per session over a 10-week period(Apr. 30th~Jul. 17th. 2014). The participants of the control group continued working on the ongoing basic curriculum of S elementary school in Daegu. The pre-test(Mar. 20th. 2014), after-test(Jul. 17th. 2014), and later-test(Sep. 25th. 2014) were implemented in order to verify the effectiveness of the program. Eventually, the date of 29 students(14 for the play-based group, 15 for the control group) were analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the program. The date were analyzed by using SPSS 18.0. To know the difference of the two groups. the score of the after-test and later-test was analyzed by ANCOVA. The findings of this study were as follows: Play-based group therapy program had significant effects on enhancing the self-efficacy and ego-resilience of the elementary school students. And play-based group therapy program had significant effects on decreasing the helplessness of the elementary school students. And effects of play-based group therapy were maintained until later-test. But the control group did not show any significant change in the helplessness, self-efficacy and ego-resilience.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구의 목적은 초등학생의 자기효능감과 자아탄력성을 증진시키고 학습된 무기력을 감소시키는 놀이중심 집단상담 프로그램의 효과를 확인하는 것이다. 실험 집단의 프로그램은 일주일에 한번, 한 회기에 50분씩 10주간(2004. 4. 30 ~ 2014. 7. 17) 실시되었다. 통제집단의 참가자들은 대구의 S초등학교의 기본 교과 과정은 그대로 계속하였다. 사전검사(2014. 3. 20), 사후검사(2004. 7. 17), 추후검사(2014. 9. 25)가 프로그램의 효과를 확인하기 위해서 실시되었다. 최종적으로 29명(실험집단 14명, 통제집단 15명)의 자료를 프로그램의 효과를 확인하기 위해서 분석하였다. 자료는 두 집단의 차이를 알기 위해서 SPSS 18.0을 사용하여 분석되었고, 사후검사와 추후검사의 점수를 공변량으로 분석하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다: 놀이 중심 집단상담 프로그램은 초등학생의 자기효능감과 자아탄력성을 증진시키는데 유의미한 효과가 있었다. 놀이중심 집단상담 프로그램은 초등학생의 학습된 무기력을 감소시키는데 유의미한 효과가 있었다. 그리고 그 효과는 추후검사에까지 지속되었다. 그러나 통제집단은 자기효능감, 자아탄력성, 학습된 무기력에 어떠한 변화도 보요주지 않았다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 송영혜, "학령 전 아동의 또래관계의 분석" 한국정서·행동장애아교육학회 20 (20): 337-356, 2004

2 유지영, "초등학생의 부모애착과 학습된 무기력간의 관계에서 자아개념의 매개효과" 한국청소년학회 21 (21): 347-372, 2014

3 유지영, "자기효능감과 자아탄력성이 초등학생의 학습된 무기력에 미치는 영향" 한국정서·행동장애아교육학회 30 (30): 83-102, 2014

4 Ko, S. M., "he Effect of group Arts Therapy on Social function for mentally Retarded Child" Wonkwang University 2007

5 Park, C. S., "Younger and more extendable Trend of elopement teenagers"

6 Block, J. H., "Venturing a 30-year longitudinal study" 61 (61): 315-327, 2006

7 Akca, F., "The relationship between test anxiety and learned helplessness" 39 : 101-112, 2011

8 Kim, J. H., "The influence of learning motive program on the learned helplessness and self-efficacy of students in elementary school" Gyeongin National University of Education 2008

9 Sung, J. Y., "The effects of Gestalt collective art therapy on the self-efficacy and peer relationships of children in local children center" Wonkwang University 2011

10 Na, N. K., "The effect of program for heightening learning motive on learned helplessness and self-efficacy of middle school students" Hanseo University 2006

11 Lee, Y. M., "The effect of personcentered art therapy in elementary art education: focusing on children’s self-efficiency" Hanyang University 2012

12 You, S. E., "The effect of group sand-play therapy for children’s anxiety decrease and ego-resilience promotion" Myoungji University 2010

13 An, E. H., "The effect of Reading Therapy on Ego-resilience and Adaption of School life for the Child" Myungji University 2014

14 Yang, M. O., "The effect of Encouragement Group Counseling Program on the Learned Helplessness and Self-Efficacy for the elementary school students" Pusan University 2013

15 Park, E. H., "The Relationships between Ego-resiliency, IQ and Academic Achievement" Chungnam University 1996

16 Lee, Y. S., "The Relationship among Elementary School Children’s Learned Helplessness, Success-Failure Attribution, and School Life Adjustment" Korea National University of Education 1997

17 Choi, K. H., "The Effects of the Group Play-Therapy Using Psychomotorik on Children’s Self-Expression and Self-Efficacy" Myoungji University 2010

18 Hyun, M. S., "The Effects of the Cognitive-behavioral Therapy on Depression and Self Efficacy of the Problem Behavior Adolescents in Middle School" 13 (13): 458-466, 2004

19 Ban, G. N., "The Effects of social skills improvement program on the ego-resilience and interpersonal relations for elementary school students" Seoul Education University 2008

20 Han. H. J., "The Effects of self assertiveness training on the development of children’s self-efficacy" Seoul National University of Education 2002

21 Song, Y. D., "The Effects of a Bibliotherapy Group Program on the Depression and Self-Efficacy, Sociality Development for Elementary School Children" Paichai University 2011

22 Choi, O. H., "The Effects of Resilience Improvement Group Counseling Program on Learned Helplessness and School Adjustment of Children with Underachievement" Jeonju National University of Education 2013

23 Park, H. J., "The Effects of Reality Therapy Group Counseling on Learned Helplessness and Academic Self-Efficacy of Elementary School Underachievers" Gongju University 2011

24 Kim, H. A., "The Effects of REBT Group Counseling Program on Learned Helplessness and Self-Efficacy" Jeonnam University 2011

25 Kim, H. J., "The Effects of Preventive Art Activities Group Program on the Decrease of School Maladjustment and the Improvement of Ego-Resilience of the Elementary Students" Jeonnam University 2014

26 Bae. J. H., "The Effects of Interpersonal Relationship, School Learning History, and Motivational Variables on Learned Helplessness" Kangwon University 2007

27 Kim, Y. A., "The Effects of Group Integrated Play Therapy Program on the Senses of Self-Respect and Self-Effectiveness as well as Sociability of a Child" Myoungji University 2009

28 Cho, E. S., "The Effects of Group Art Theraphy Based on Transactional Analysis on ADHD Children’s Self-Resilience and School Adjustment" Jeonju University 2013

29 Lee, S. J., "The Effects of Group Art Activities on the Self-Efficacy of Elementary School Students" Ulsan University 2008

30 Lee, J. Y., "The Effects of Adversity of Adolescents and Ego-Resiliency on Learned Helplessness" Daegu Catholic University 2011

31 Kim, S. M., "The Effect that Group Play Program has on the Ego-Resilience of the Facility Protection Children" Daegu University 2013

32 Jeon, H. C., "The Effect of the Learning motivation promotion program for Underachievers in High school on their Learnig motivation and their Learned helplessness" Changwon National University 2001

33 Kim, K. R., "The Effect of structured Group-snad Play Therapy Program to Self-perception and Ego-resilience of Child" Myoungji University 2012

34 Lee, E. Y., "The Effect of a cognitive motivation enhancement program on elementary school students’learned helplessness" Korea National University of Education 2007

35 Kim, S. Y., "The Effect of REBT Group Counseling to decrease Learned Helplessness for Elementary School Studnets" Sunchun University 2007

36 Jung, K. H., "The Effect of Group Art Therapy on Self-Efficacy for Elementary School Students" Daejeon University 2008

37 Park, H. J., "The Effect of Game-Based Empathy Training Program on the Prosocial Behavior and Reduction of Aggressiveness of Elementary School Students" Jeonju National Unversity of Education 2009

38 Lee, I. H., "The Effect of Emotionally-focused Game Play Therapy on the Self-esteem and Social Adaptive Behaviors of Neglected Children" Duksung Womans University 2011

39 Lee, H, S., "The Development and effectiveness of a learning motivation enhancing program for children with learned helplessness" Seoul National University of Education 2012

40 Seo, S. S., "Study on the Effects of the NLP Group Counseling Program on Self-Respect and Self-Efficacy of Elementary School Children" Ulsan University 2010

41 Bandura, A., "Self-efficacy : Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change" 84 : 191-215, 1977

42 Song, Y. H., "Principles of Play Therapy" Daegu University Press 1997

43 Hughes, F. P., "Play and Child Development" Sigmapress 2003

44 Landreth, G. L., "Play Therapy: The art of the relationship" Routledge 2002

45 Schaefer, E. S., "Parental belief systems: The psychological consequences for children" Erlbaum 287-318, 1985

46 Ruthig, J. C., "Optimism and Attributional Retraining : Longitudinal Effects on Academic Achievement, Test Anxiety, and Voluntary Course Withdrawal in College Students" 34 (34): 709-730, 2004

47 Lee, M. J., "Learned Helplessness in School During Adolescence" 51 (51): 77-105, 2013

48 Oh, K. S., "Influence of Self-efficacy program on the Learned helplessness" Jeju University 2001

49 Yeo, Y. J., "Impact of Reading-Centered Group Counseling on the Learned Helplessness of Elementary Schoolers" Gyeongin National University of Education 2009

50 Block, J., "IQ and ego-resiliency : Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness" 70 (70): 349-361, 1996

51 Hiroto, D. S., "Generality of learned helplessness in man" 31 (31): 311-327, 1975

52 Guilford, J. P., "Fundations statistics in psychology and education" McGrawHill 1981

53 No, S. H., "Effects of reality therapy group counseling program on the diminish of children’s learned helplessness" Seoul National University of Education 2002

54 Park, E. Y., "Effects of a Play-Centered Group Counseling Program for Improving Empathic Ability and School Adjustment of Elementary School Children" Jeonju National Unversity of Education 2013

55 Lee, E. Y., "Effects of Learned Helplessness Program for Elementary School Children" Gwangju National University 2010

56 Kim, M. J., "Effect of Group Counseling for Enhancing School Resilience on Learned Helplessness of Middle School Students from the Functionally Deficient Family" Pusan University 2012

57 Kim, K. H., "D. G.: The Effect of paly-based group counseling on School Adjustment for Child of Conduct Disorder" Daegu Education University 2010

58 Knell, M. S., "Cognitive-gehavioral Play therapy" Jason Aronson 1993

59 Whang, S. T., "Character Quality of Self-Resilience Group" 20 (20): 569-581, 2001

60 Chemers, Hu, "Academic Self-Efficacy and First-Year College Student Performance and Adjustment" 93 (93): 55-64, 2001

61 Kim, J. G., "A study on the influences of self-efficacy, motivation and social support on self-esteem" Hongik University 2005

62 Kim, A. Y., "A study on the academic failure-tolerance and its correlates" 11 (11): 1-19, 1997

63 Sin, K. M., "A Study of development on scale of Learned Helplessness" Kunkuk University 1990

64 Han. E. S., "A Structural Analysis between Related Variables for Prevention of Peer Bullying by Elementary School Students and Effects of a Bibliotherapy Program" Kyungbook National University 2013

65 Cha, J. E., "(A) Study for the general self-efficacy scale development" Ewha Womans University 1996

66 Reid, B., ""But we’re doing it already"Exploring a response to the concept of reflective practice in order to improve its facilitation" 13 : 305-309, 1993