1960년대 근대화 정책과 대학 = The Modernization Policy of the Universities in the 1960s

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the 1960s, the “modernization” process of the universities was led by the government, which maintained tight control upon all the Private universities and pushed forward a strategy designed to boost the development of human resources in areas like science and engineering. The University management system created by the military Park Jeong-hi regime went through numerous controversies (“autonomous functions of the university versus state control”), but after the mid-1960s a “Control & Support” strategy was initiated, and all the universities either national or public or private, were all encouraged (or demanded) to raise scientific and engineering personnel, through post graduate schools and research institutes.
In the 1960s, the universities continued to lose their respective identities and became rather ‘homogenized’, by the state-initiated modernization strategy and the directions for research and education laid out by such strategy. The University power, mostly composed of the private schools, did not have enough resources or momentum to survive the rapid wake of modernization enabled by economic growth. They all had to fall behind, and the state which had both a ‘carrot’ and a ‘stick’, “controled and supported” the universities at the same time, and led the reformation of the universities, so that they could raise and train human resources in the areas of science and technology, which was what the government was in need of.
As we can see, the “university modernization” of the 1960s was initiated and proceeded upon the mutual needs of both the state and the university power. The universities today, which tend to follow the state’s education and academism policies in order to secure more funding, instead of trying to earn respect as an academic community, seem to have come from the 1960s, when the state power was relentlessly pursuing modernization in all areas of the country.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the 1960s, the “modernization” process of the universities was led by the government, which maintained tight control upon all the Private universities and pushed forward a strategy designed to boost the development of human resources in areas like science and engineering. The University management system created by the military Park Jeong-hi regime went through numerous controversies (“autonomous functions of the university versus state control”), but after the mid-1960s a “Control & Support” strategy was initiated, and all the universities either national or public or private, were all encouraged (or demanded) to raise scientific and engineering personnel, through post graduate schools and research institutes.
In the 1960s, the universities continued to lose their respective identities and became rather ‘homogenized’, by the state-initiated modernization strategy and the directions for research and education laid out by such strategy. The University power, mostly composed of the private schools, did not have enough resources or momentum to survive the rapid wake of modernization enabled by economic growth. They all had to fall behind, and the state which had both a ‘carrot’ and a ‘stick’, “controled and supported” the universities at the same time, and led the reformation of the universities, so that they could raise and train human resources in the areas of science and technology, which was what the government was in need of.
As we can see, the “university modernization” of the 1960s was initiated and proceeded upon the mutual needs of both the state and the university power. The universities today, which tend to follow the state’s education and academism policies in order to secure more funding, instead of trying to earn respect as an academic community, seem to have come from the 1960s, when the state power was relentlessly pursuing modernization in all areas of the country.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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3 김종철, "한국교육정책연구" 교육과학사 1989

4 성내운, "한국교육의 증언" 배영사 1965

5 오천석, "한국교육사" 현대교육총서출판사 1964

6 유봉호, "한국 초급대학에 관한 연구" 2 : 1964

7 "최고회의보"

8 "조선일보"

9 신범식, "조국의 근대화" 동아출판사 1965

10 김석근, "조국 근대화 이념과 박정희, 그리고 5·16, In 5·16과 박정희 근대화 노선의비교사적 조명" 선인 2012

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13 "신동아"

14 "세대"

15 김종철, "세계안의 한국교육" 배영사 1970

16 "사상계"

17 백낙준, "백낙준전집5: 대학과교육" 1995

18 오성철, "박정희의 국가주의 교육론과 경제성장" 11 :

19 정일준, "미제국의 제3세계 통치와 근대화이론-군산학복합체와 근대화이론의 탄생-" 비판사회학회 57 : 5-147, 2003

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21 "문교공보"

22 박태균, "로스토우 제3세계 근대화론과 한국" 역사문제연구소 (66) : 136-166, 2004

23 허은, "독재화 근대화 격랑 속의 대학사회" 25 : 2006

24 이형행, "대학정비 단행과 고등교육의 양적 관리(1961～’71)" 51 : 1991

25 중앙교육연구소, "대학교육내용에 관한 종합적 연구: 대학 학생 지도에 관한 연구" 1967

26 박대선, "대학과 국가발전" 교육출판사 1968

27 대학신문사, "대학·자유·지성"

28 노엄 촘스키, "냉전과 대학" 당대 2001

29 "교육평론"

30 강명숙, "고등교육 위상의 역사적 변화" 역사문제연구소 (67) : 102-122, 2004

31 고대신문사, "고대신문사설선"

32 馬越徹, "경제개발과 고등교육계획, In 한국 근대대학의 성립과 전개" 교육과학사 2001

33 黑羽亮一, "戰後大學政策の展開" 玉川大學出版部 2001

34 김건우, "1964년의 담론 지형 :반공주의, 민족주의, 민주주의, 자유주의, 성장주의" 대중서사학회 (22) : 71-90, 2009

35 이상록, "1960-70년대 비판적 지식인들의 근대화 인식" 18 :

36 김정인, "1950년대 대학교육과 미국식 학문 기반의 형성" 춘천교대 28 (28): 2010