人蔘의 空間的 擴散에 關한 地理學的 硏究 = SPATIAL DIFFUSION OF GINSENG (INSAM) AS AN INNOVATION DIFFUSION

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Ginseng(Insam), one of medicinal plants, has been used as the most precious gift and as a favorite in trade. It was domesticated during the latter half of the eighteenth century to meet the ever-increasing demand, thus its farming is now become a nation-wide practice.
The acreage of ginseng fields and the number of ginseng growers have been increased especially since the late 1960's. However the most increment has been in four local areas-Kumsan, Poongki, Kangwha and Koesan. Although these diffusion centers are now saturated, the remaining country is still almost empty. The exclusive increment means that the range of information flow between rural areas is fairly narrow. The only way to transmit technique is the direct contacts with farmers. Mass media or other means have been no help.
Being saturated, some ginseng growers had to seek new fields in the further areas. Some migrated out and resettled in the village where their relatives generally lived in. Some were employed as technicians in ginseng farms of which owners did not know how to cultivate ginseng. On the other hand, some growers stayed in their home areas and did the suit-case farming. The distance from center or physical barriers did not much affect upon these outmigrations(relocation diffusion).
These new comers became to be innovators. The earlier diffusion to the villageans from the innovator took usually many years, because farmers tend to learn new innovation after identifying the successful outcome of the innovator. Extremely few people accepted the innovation upon initial contact with it. The barrier seems to be a more unreasoned aversion to change than rational economic considerations. So the acceptance did not occur until resistance had been overcome through repeated receipt of information from the innovator. In this context, it may be logical to apply the Resistance Class concept of Hagerstrand diffusion model (Model Ⅲ, see footnote 18) for the simulation of ginseng diffusion.
In the Model Ⅲ mentioned above, each person who previousely accepted the innovation can transmit it to any other person. In the actual ginseng diffusion, however, all the transmissions taken within a village were from the only one preson, the innovator. It is reasonable that peasants want to learn the technique from the most experienced grower. So we can altered tentatively one of the simulation rules of Hagerstrand Model Ⅲ-a. The details of revised rule are as follows:
1) Except from the source cell (the innovator), message adoption can not take place between other cells within a given group.
2) If there are two or more initial innovators in a group, these source cells can transmit messages equally, but the other cells can not within the group.
3) Messages can be diffused to outside the boundary of a group without any restriction(Rule-1)
4) All the other simulation rules, or the Mean Informgation Field and the Resistance Class are not altered.
Figure 8 illustrates this revised model, and it almost fits the actual ginseng diffusion taken place in the studied areas.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序 論
• 가. 硏究目的
• 나. 硏究方法과 硏究對象地域
• Ⅱ. 人蔘의 擴散過程
• 가. 蔘圃의 增加狀況
• 나. 人蔘耕作者의 分布狀況
• 다. 飽和地의 事例(錦山郡)
• Ⅲ. 擴散의 類型
• 가. 空間的 類型
• 나. 機能的 類型
• 다. Hargerstrand의 擴散모델(ModelⅢ)의 修正
• Ⅳ. 擴散의 障碍要素
• 가. 自然環境的 障碍
• 나. 社會經濟的 障碍
• Ⅴ. 結 論
• Ⅵ. 英文抄錄
• (8 figures, 4 tables)