This paper is going to deal with some cures for the children who have disability in reading. It is going to focus on reading Alphabet and Spelling that the children have difficulty with. Many children are gathering ideas when they are reading and try ...
This paper is going to deal with some cures for the children who have disability in reading. It is going to focus on reading Alphabet and Spelling that the children have difficulty with. Many children are gathering ideas when they are reading and try to recognize the meaning of the contents. In the process, some would just read the text and others would generate the way of reading. Children find it difficult to remember long words because their short term memory would be pressed. So, they miss some parts of the letters, especially the letters in the middle of the word. Therefore, during the process of adding or revising some part, advanced level of cognition process like planning and revising is necessary.
But in terms of children who have disability in reading, they might fail in getting the necessary writing skill until 10 because they feel difficulty to write and spell the words correctly. So, this paper suggested the steps to teach disabled children by providing cures regarding cognitive functions, considering the steps disabled children show when reading and writing.
Cluttering is characterized by slurred and monotone speech caused by articulation errors coming without much intonation and stress. Most of those with cluttering can pronounce words correctly when they slow down. Cluttering, sometimes confused with stuttering, is a fluency disorder caused by rapid speaking rate. Those with cluttering speak in a erratic rhythm and monotone and often mispronounce words. Based on the research result that cluttering often occurs along with stuttering, I intend to compare characteristics of cluttering with those of shuttering in accordance with psychological, genetic and environmental factors, and develop reading instruction using text structuring. Text structuring adopted to treat the learning disorder of children with cluttering consists of the three steps of reading text – setting up a structure with key sentence –correcting errors. In this process children figure out the text structure centering on key words. They contemplate their problems and find out solutions to them through understanding of the text structure as theylisten to the mediator make a demonstration speech. This direct instruction method is to set up the text structure and present the reading example by stage. In this way, not only the way of listening but also the way of expressing can be taught to children with cluttering.
Anders als in der Zielsetzung der kommunikativen Sicherheit erwerben stotternde Kinder hier sprachliche Teilleistungen systematisch und hierarchisiert. Mit Hilfe sprachlicher Modelle lernen sie gezielt instruiert und explizit--langsamer, und/oder weicher, und/oder deutlicher zu sprechen. Stottern ist im Aufbau des neuen Sprechmusters unterwünscht. Tritt es trotzdem auf, wird auf einfachere Sprechleistungen zurückgegriffen. Ebenso kann man an den punktuellen Einbau einer Therapieschleife mit der Zielsetzung der Auseinandersetzung mit dem Stottern selbst denken. Die Zielsetzung des stotterfreien Sprechens ist für alle attraktiv, die den "Erfolg der Behandlung an der Sprechflüssigkeit des Kindes und nicht nur an seiner psychischen Stabilität messen wollen.