아시아인 이주와 동화가능성에 대한 사회학적 고찰 -로버트 팍과 “인종관계조사”를 중심으로- = Making Asian Migrants as the Subject of Social Research: Robert E. Park and the Survey of Race Relations, 1924-1927

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본고는 20세기 초 미국의 시카고 사회학파를 형성했던 사회학자 로버트 팍(Robert Park)과 팍이 연구책임자로 참여했던 1924-27년의 인종관계조사가 아시아인에 관한 사회학적 관찰방법을 구성하는 방식을 살펴본다. 팍은 “인종 관계의 순환(race-relations cycle)” 이론을 “동양인”과 “미국인”의 인종 관계에 적용해 아시아계 이민자는 미국의 흑인과는 비 백인이라는 인종적 특징을, 유럽계 이민자와는 이민자로서의 정체성을 공유한다고 상정했다. 팍은 아시아인과 백인사이의 인종 간 결혼을 아시아인의 특징을 이해하는 방법으로 삼았고 “인종관계조사”를 진행할 때 팍은 아시아인과 백인 사이의 결혼 사례에 큰 관심을 보였다. 두 인종 사이의 결혼이 사회통념과 법으로 금지되던 시절에 팍은 인종 간 결혼을 아시아인의 동화 및 인종 갈등의 해결 수단이라고 상상했다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article examines the way in which Robert Park, one of the founders of the Chicago Sociology in the early 20th century spearheaded a social-scientific approach to Asian migration and assimilation primarily in the Survey of Race Relations, 1924-1927. Park applied his theory of race-relations cycle to Asian immigrants. According to him, Asians shared the non-white racial identity with American blacks. Asians were deemed similar to European immigrants in terms of their social status as immigrants. Park was particularly interested in marriages between Asians and whites as a way of assimilating Asians and, eventually, solving the tensions between white Americans and Asian immigrants at the time.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 들어가며 Ⅱ. “동양인”과 “미국인” 사이의 인종 관계 Ⅲ. 아시아인의 사회적 동화 수단으로서의 인종 간 결혼 Ⅳ. 나가며: 로버트 팍과 인종관계조사가 남긴 유산

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