In this dissertation, I try to accomplish two aims. The first aim is to analyze and elucidate Danto's theory of art. The second aim is to evaluate whether Danto's theory of art is adequate to diagnose contemporary art scenes. Danto's main theses on...
In this dissertation, I try to accomplish two aims. The first aim is to analyze and elucidate Danto's theory of art. The second aim is to evaluate whether Danto's theory of art is adequate to diagnose contemporary art scenes. Danto's main theses on art are two. First, an interpretation determines the identity and status of a work of art. Second, contemporary art does not have to pursue only one purpose. These two theses are the essence of his philosophy of art and philosophy of art history respectively. The analyses of his basic concepts, a representation and the system of representation, help to elucidate the implications of his theses and to evaluate their strengths and limits. Danto claims that the concepts of a representation and the system of representation are essential to explain knowledge, action, and history. Human actions or events which have different meanings can be perceptually indiscernible. To discern one from the other, we need to know a representation and the system of representation which are perceptually unavailable. The system of representation is not fixed, but it changes as beliefs about the world change.
A work of art, like action or historical events, possesses a representational property, interpretation which an object which is perceptually indiscernible from the work of art does not possess. As the change of a representation system, which brings about the change of representation of an event or an object, can take place, the change of a representation system, which can change the representation of artistic activity, can also take place. The gist of Danto's philosophy of art is to elucidate the essence of a work of art by focusing on its representational character. And the gist of Danto's philosophy of art history is to construct a narrative by focusing on the change of systems of representation. His philosophy of art and philosophy of art history can be analyzed in terms of his basic concept, representation, but their relation is not circular or inferential. What he claims in his philosophy of art is the comprehensive definition of art in terms of a representation. But what he claims in his philosophy of art history is a narrative of art which results from the change of belief systems in the West. Therefore his claim that art has ended is not a logical conclusion derived from his philosophical premises, but empirical claim drawn from the change of belief systems on art in the West.
His claim that the narrative which started from Renaissance has ended is not an arbitrary narrative which he fabricates, but based upon the objective structure of art scenes in the West. And this claim is not meant for a prediction for the future, but means that contemporary art has a structure which cannot construct a narrative as its subject. Danto explains this very characteristic of the contemporary art as pluralistic arts. Danto's definition of art is a theory of art which is adequate for the pluralistic age because it can accommodate an object as a work of art which does not have artistic tradition or institutional character and provide grounds to respond differently to the works of art which are perceptually indiscernible. His theory of art not only adequately explains the pluralistic scenes of contemporary art after the demise of the modernist project, but also demands the change of art criticism, art museum and art education, etc. But Danto's pluralistic theory of art excludes artistic evaluation altogether. Therefore it generates a problem concerning the selection of a good work of art which is essential in art practice. Also it could weaken pre-existing artistic traditions or artistic values so that it has a danger to make the problem of art as the problem of mere personal preferences.