대통령과 언론, 친구인가 적인가 = Presidential communication and news media : how do news media flatter or criticize the president?

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• Preface
• CHAPTER Ⅰ WHY SHOULD WE DISCUSS PRESIDENTIAL COVERAGE?
• Overview of Book = 19
• Why Is Presidential Coverage Significant? = 22
• Presidential News Is Growing Important = 25
• Why Does Presidential Coverage Matter? = 27
• CHAPTER Ⅱ PRESIDENTIAL COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA'S STORY FRAMING
• PRESIDENTIAL PERSPECTIVES
• Presidential Discontent With Media Coverage of Them = 35
• Presidential Coverage Was Positive : Grossman and Kumar Study = 38
• Story Types and Temporal Patterns of Presidential Coverage = 43
• Presidential Tactics (1) : Control and Manipulation = 47
• Presidential Tactics (2) : Negotiation and Cooperation = 54
• Presidential Tactics (3) : Cooperation and Intimidation = 57
• Presidential Tactics (4) : News Management = 60
• Publicity Machine of President George W. Bush = 64
• (1) Strategy Level : People and Instruments
• (2) The Operations Level : Carrying Strategy into Messages and Appearances
• (3) The Implementation Level : "Winning the Picture"
• (4) Control of Departmental Publicity Operations : Root Causes of Success for the Bush Communications Team
• Presidential Techniques for Projecting Positive Images = 72
• (1) Projecting Personal Qualities
• (2) Projecting Leadership Qualities
• (3) Projecting Policymaker's Images
• (4) Utilizing News Conferences
• MEDIA PERSPECTIVES
• Media's Framing of Presidential Images = 82
• (1) America's Imperial Media : "Frame the Presidents!"
• (2) Presidential News Selection : Important or Interesting?
• (3) Categories of Presidential Activities and Presidential News
• (4) Four Frames of Presidential News and Presidential Images
• (5) Superficiality and Triviality of Presidential Coverage
• Media Adversarialism as Ritual = 92
• Thr Nature of White House Beat : Depressing or Encouraging? = 94
• Characteristics of White House Reporters = 96
• Can Generalists Cover the President Better? = 97
• Presidential Coverage as Products of Rules and Routines = 99
• Presidential Images as Contrasted with Other Concepts = 100
• (1) Presidential News Stories vs. Presidential Photographs
• (2) Presidential Media Images vs. Political Reality
• (3) Presidential Media Images vs. Media Effects on Audiences
• (4) Presidential Images vs. Public Relations
• Summary of Discussion and Research Questions = 106
• CHAPTER Ⅲ HOW SHALL WE ANALYZE PRESIDENTIAL COVERAGE?
• Time Periods for Research = 111
• The New York Times = 111
• The Kyunghyang Daily News(The Kyunghyang Shinmun) = 112
• Scope and Definition of Presidential Stories and Photos = 113
• Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Presidential Coverage = 117
• Operational Definition of Five-Step Coding Scale = 119
• Earl Babbie's Advice on Content Analysis = 122
• Triangulation for Comprehensive Interpretation = 124
• CHAPTER Ⅳ THE NEW YORK TIMES AND GEORGE WALKER BUSH
• Qualitative Analysis : How did the Newspaper Portray Bush? = 127
• Period Ⅰ. Bush's Inauguration and One Month in Office = 127
• Positive Coverage = 128
• (1) Perfectly Positive Image : Inauguration, Jubilation, Successful Transition, and Appointments.
• (2) The Image of a National Leader, Conciliator or Unifier
• (3) The Image of a Policymaker
• (4) The Image of a Decisive Military Leader
• (5) The Image of a Person in Charge : Making Appointments
• (6) The Image of an International Leader
• (7) Personal Qualities : Intimate and Favorable Coverage
• Negative Coverage = 141
• Neutral Coverage = 143
• Period Ⅱ. September 11 Attacks and Bush's Decision to Retaliate = 143
• Positive Coverage = 144
• (1) The Image of a Crisis Leader or Military Leader
• (2) The Image of a National Soother
• (3) Personal Qualities and First Family
• (4) Other Stories That Depict Bush Positively
• Negative Coverage = 153
• Neutral Coverage = 155
• Period Ⅲ. War in Afghanistan = 156
• Positive Coverage = 156
• (1) The Image of a Decisive Military Leader
• (2) The Image of an International Leader
• (3) Presidential Image Making through First Lady
• (4) Other Stories That Depict Bush Positively
• Negative Coverage = 162
• (1) Stories and Columns Conveying Opposition to Bush's War Plan
• (2) Other Stories That Depict Bush Negatively
• Neutral Coverage = 166
• Period Ⅳ. War in Iraq = 166
• Positive Coverage = 167
• (1) The Image of a Military Leader
• (2) The Image of an International Leader
• (3) Personal Qualities : Intimate Coverage
• (4) War Reports Affecting Mr. Bush Favorably
• (5) Other Stories Affecting Mr. Bush Favorably
• Negative Coverage = 181
• (1) Bush's War Decision Criticized
• (2) Other Stories That Affect Bush Negatively
• Neutral Coverage = 188
• Quantitative Analysis : How Favorable was the Newspaper to Bush? = 190
• Triangulation : Comprehensive Intepretation of Research Findings = 193
• Period Ⅰ. Bush's Inauguration
• Period Ⅱ. September 11th Attacks
• Period Ⅲ. Afghan War
• Period Ⅳ. War in Iraq
• Research Questions Revisited and Findings = 197
• CHAPTER Ⅴ. THE KYUNGHYANG DAILY NEWS AND ROH MOO HYUN
• Qualititative Analysis : How did the Newspaper Portray Roh? = 206
• Period Ⅰ. Roh's Inauguration and One Month in Office = 206
• Positive Coverage = 207
• (1) Low-Key Inauguration, Mood of Changes, and Transition with Mixed Evaluations
• (2) The Image of a National Leader or Conciliator
• (3) The Image of a Policymaker
• (4) The Image of a Decisive Leader, Person in Charge, and a Person Making Appointments
• (5) The Image of an International Player
• (6) Personal Qualities : Roh's Candor and Anti-Authoritarianism
• (7) The Image of a New Style Leader : Open-Minded, Reformist
• (8) The Image of a Hard Worker and Busy Person
• (9) Story about the First Lady
• (10) Roh's Attitude to Media : Openness
• Negative Coverage = 227
• (1) Opposition and Criticism from Political Opponents
• (2) Resistance to Roh's Reforms from inside the Administration
• (3) Conflicts Within the Blue House, Investigation of the Blue House Personnel and Presidential Relatives
• (4) Editorials and Columns Criticizing Roh
• Neutral Coverage = 234
• Period Ⅱ. President Roh's Proposal of Confidence Vote = 235
• Positive Coverage = 236
• (1) Proposal of Confidence Vote and Follow-Up Stories
• (2) Roh as a Policymaker and an International Player
• (3) Other Stories Favoring Mr. Roh
• (4) Roh's Attitude to Media : Inviting Editors to Dinner
• Negative Coverage = 243
• (1) Criticism of Roh's Proposal of Confidence Vote
• (2) Conflicts within the Blue House and Investigation of Aides
• (3) Criticisms of Policymaking
• Neutral Coverage = 252
• Period Ⅲ. Pre-Impeachment of President Roh = 252
• Positive Coverage = 255
• (1) Image of a Strong-Willed Politician Confronting Impeachment Drive From Opposition Parties
• (2) Image of a Patriotic Leader
• (3) Image of a Clean Leader
• Negative Coverage = 257
• (1) Impeachment Offensives by Opposition Politicians
• (2) Investigation of Roh's Election Funds and his Aides
• Neutral Coverage = 261
• Peiod Ⅳ. President Roh Moo Hyun Impeached = 261
• Positive Coverage = 263
• (1) Criticisms of Impeachment and Anti-Impeachment Protests
• (2) Personal Qualities of Imeached Roh
• (3) Columns and Editorials Criticizing Impeachment
• (4) Other Stories That Favor Roh
• Negative Coverage = 272
• Neutral Coverage = 274
• Period Ⅴ. Victory in General Election on April 15, 2004 = 275
• Positive Coverage = 275
• (1) Roh Regaining Confidence and Adverse Effects of Impeachment
• (2) Image of Roh as a Conciliator
• (3) Roh as a Political Leader Contemplating Future Courses
• (4) Roh in Charge of Affairs Contemplating Cabinet Reshuffle
• (5) Roh as a Reformer Again
• Negative Coverage = 281
• (1) Criticisms against Self-Conceit of Roh and his Party
• (2) Persistent Irregularities of Roh's Aides and Relatives
• Neutral Coverage = 283
• Period Ⅵ. Roh's Resumption of Presidential Office = 283
• Positive Coverage = 284
• (1) Constitutional Court Upholds Roh Presidency and Celebration
• (2) Roh's Personal and Intimate Qualities
• (3) Roh as a Reformer and Policymaker
• (4) Image of National Conciliator : "Live and Let Live"
• (5) Roh in Charge of Affairs Contemplating Cabinet Reshuffle
• (6) Other Stories That Favor President Roh
• Negative Coverage = 290
• (1) Roh's Careless Words and his Narrow-Mindedness
• (2) Roh's Ill Treatment of Ko Kun and Insistence on Kim Hyuk Kyoo
• (3) Roh's Restriction on Media Access Faulted
• Neutral Coverage = 292
• Quantitative Analysis : How Favorable was the Newspaper to Roh? = 293
• Triangulation : Comprehensive Interpretation of Roh Coverage = 296
• Period Ⅰ. Roh's Inauguration
• Period Ⅱ. Confidence Vote?
• Period Ⅲ. Pre-Impeachment
• Period Ⅳ. Roh Impeached!
• Period Ⅴ. Victory in General Election
• Period Ⅵ. Resumption of Presidential Office
• Research Questions Revisited = 305
• CHAPTER Ⅵ. POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE PORTRAYAL OF PRESIDENCY
• Presidential Coverage in Review = 311
• Portrayal of George W. Bush = 311
• Portrayal of Roh Moo Hyun = 314
• Comparison of Two Newspapers = 318
• How do News Media Portray the President? = 324
• When and How Can News Media Criticize the President? = 328
• (1) Presidential Loss of Credibility with the Media and Public
• (2) Personal Crises, Scandals, or Power Struggles
• (3) Organized Political Opposition and Lack of News Management
• (4) Divided Elite
• When and How Can News Media Flatter the President? = 332
• CHAPTER Ⅶ CONCLUDING REMARKS
• Summary of Book = 337
• How can Media Portray Presidents Positively or Negatively? = 344
• Limitations and Future Questions = 348
• KOREAN SUMMARY = 355
• EPILOGUE = 405
• REFERENCES = 408
• APPENDICES = 411
• Appendix A : List of New York Times Stories
• Appendix B : List of Kyunghyang Daily Stories