Self and identity in modern psychology and Indian thought

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = ⅶ
• Pronunciation and Transliteration of Sanskrit Terms = xi
• 1. The Context of Inquiry
• The Theme of Inquiry = 1
• On Closing the Historical, Disciplinary, and Cultural Gaps in the Study of the Self = 5
• The Old versus New Models of the Self : Closing the Historical Gap = 5
• Self-Knowledge and Disciplinary Divisions = 7
• The Cross-Cultural Context : On Bridging the East-West Gap = 9
• East-West Dialogue in Historical Perspective = 12
• Univocalism, Relativism, and Pluralism in Psychological Theory = 25
• The Univocalist versus Pluralist Approaches to Psychology = 25
• The Sociology of Knowledge = 28
• The "Requirement of absoluteness" and the Decontextualization of the Search for Knowledge = 31
• The Mirror Metaphor and the Foundationist View of Knowledge = 32
• Challenges to the Foundationist Views of Knowledge = 35
• Knowledge as Justified Belief = 36
• Psychology and Kuhniam Paradigms = 37
• The Rise of Hermeneutics = 39
• Cognitive Constructivism and Social Constructionism = 42
• The Cognitive Construction of Reality and of Knowledge = 43
• The Social Construction of Reality = 46
• Constructivism, Realism, and Idealism = 47
• Absolutism, Relativism, and Pluralism = 49
• Notes = 51
• 2 Person, Self, and Identity
• Person and Personality = 53
• The Concept of Person in the Intellectual Social History of the West = 54
• The Articulation of Personhood during Europe's Age of Enlightenment = 56
• The Variable Boundaries of Personhood = 57
• The Constructed Nature, Variability, and Comparability of Conceptions of Personhood = 59
• Personhood in the Cultural and Intellectual History of India = 62
• The Individual as the Basis of Action and Its consequences as Viewed in Indian Thought = 64
• Cognition, Affect, and Conation : The Psychological Conditions of Personhood = 65
• The Rise and Fall of Personhood and the "Trilogy of Mind" = 68
• The Ontic Status and Cross-Cultural Relevance of the Rtilogy of Mind = 72
• Self and Ego = 74
• William James : Self as the Current Thought in the Stream of Thoughts = 78
• C. H. Cooley : A Closed and Nasty Self versus and Open and Lofty Self = 83
• G. H. Mead : The Social Construction of Selfhood = 86
• The Freudian Ego : Controller of Impulses and Interpreter of Meanings = 88
• The Many Meanings of, and Many7 Perspectives on, the Self and Ego = 90
• Identity = 92
• Perspectives on the Prolem of Identity : Historical Background = 93
• The Different Meanings of the Terms Self and Identity = 97
• The Problem of Identity : How Does It Matter? = 100
• The Denial and Affirmation of the Self in India and the West = 102
• The Historical Origins of the Dialectics of the Self in Western Thought = 103
• Hume's Denial of the Self = 104
• B. F. Skinner : An Intellectual Successor to Bacon and Hume = 106
• Immanuel Kant's Affirmation of the Self = 109
• Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson : Intellectual Successors to Kant = 112
• The Historical Background of the Dialectics of the Self in Indian Thought = 114
• The Affirmation of the Self in the Upanisads = 116
• The Denial of the Self in Early (Therav$$\bar a$$da) Buddhism = 122
• Notes = 125
• 3. Two Perspectives on Person, Self, and Identity
• Two Perspectives = 129
• The Context and Goals of the Advaita Ved$$\bar a$$ntic and Eriksonian Perspectives = 130
• Theories of Personality : A Common Meeting Ground for the Advaita Ved$$\bar a$$ntic and Eriksonian Perspectives = 131
• Erik H. Erikson's Views of Person, Self, and Inentity = 135
• Intellectual Background of Erikson's Theory = 135
• Conceptual Foundations of Erikson's Perspective = 136
• The Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development = 138
• The Varied Critiques of Erikson's Theory = 149
• Erikson's Theory in the Cross-Cultural Context = 150
• Theoretical Interlude : The Earlier Phase = 152
• Theoretical Interlude : The Later Phase = 154
• Person, Self, and Identity According to Adv$$\bar a$$ita Vedanta = 158
• The Basic Tenets of Advaita (Nondualist) Ved$$\bar a$$nta = 159
• The Concept of J$$\bar a$$va : The Advaita Ved$$\bar a$$ntic View of Personhood = 163
• The Concept of J$$\bar a$$va in Context : Some Aspects of the Indian Worldview = 165
• Regularities in the Phenomenal World = 166
• The Nature and Determinants of Human Behavior = 167
• Self and Identity According to the Advaita Ved$$\bar a$$nta = 168
• The Advaita Ved$$\bar a$$ntic View of the Human Condition = 171
• The Advaita Ved$$\bar a$$ntic Method for Self-realization = 172
• Three Steps to Self-realization According to the Advaita Ved$$\bar a$$nta = 173
• The Advaita Ved$$\bar a$$ntic Method Interpreted in Contemporary Idiom = 174
• The Advaita Ved$$\bar a$$ntic Approach Seen from a Western Viewpoint = 175
• A Cross-Cultural Overview of Eriksonian and Advaita Ved$$\bar a$$ntic Views = 177
• Becoming and Being : Contrasting but Complementary Models for Selfhood = 181
• Notes = 184
• 4. Self-as-Knower : The Psychology of Cognition
• Some Contemporary Perspectives : The Self as Cognitive Structures and Processes = 188
• Piaget's Views of Cognition and the Self = 188
• Neo-Piagetian Views of Self and Identity = 193
• George Kelly : The Self as "Personal Construct" = 196
• Conceiving of the Future Selves : Hazel Markus's Approach = 199
• The Totalitarian Ego : A.G. Greenwald's Contributions = 201
• Harr$$e'$$'s Social Constructionist View of the Self = 205
• Overview of Contemporary Perspectives on Self-as-Knower = 210
• The Self beyond Cognition : Cognitive Deconstruction of the Ego in Advaita Ved$${\bar a}$$ntic Meditation = 212
• The Advaita Ved$$\bar a$$ntic View of Cognition, Knowledge, and the Knower = 212
• The Advaita Ved$$\bar a$$nta and the Constructivist View of Knowledge = 214
• The Imperfect Ego as a Knower in a Sea of "Ignorance" = 216
• Cognition and the Means of Its Validation = 218
• Knowledge as an End and as a Means = 220
• The Nature of "Ignorance" and the Role of Meditation in Its Removal = 223
• From Thinking to Awareness without Thought = 225
• Intentionality of Consciousness : Brentano, Husserl, and Harre = 226
• Psychology and the "Technologies of the Self" = 229
• Advaita Ved$$\bar a$$ntic Meditation, Psychotherapy, and Attitude Change = 231
• Meditation and "Deconstruction" = 233
• Liberation with Knowledge Only or with Other Means = 236
• Notes = 237
• 5. Self-as-Enjoyer-Sufferer : The Psychology of Affect
• Western Psychological Views of Emotion = 244
• The Naturalistic Approaches to Emotion = 245
• The Cognitive, Social, and Cultural Construction of emotions = 247
• Max Scheler's Doctrine of the Deeper Levels of Feeling = 250
• The Self as Enjoyer-Sufferer : The Views of S$$\bar a$$nkhya, Yoga, and Ved$$\bar a$$nta = 253
• The Insatiability of Desires and the Resultant Suffering = 253
• The S$$\bar a$$nkhya View of Suffering and Its Permanent Romoval = 256
• Pata$$\tilde n$$jali's Yoga : On "Isolating" the Self = 260
• The Advaita Ved$$\bar a$$ntic View of the Blissful $$\bar A$$tman = 263
• Emotion According to the Dramaturgical and Aesthetic Theories of India = 264
• Emotion and the Experience of Art = 265
• The Causes and Expression of Emotion = 267
• The Relationship between the Experience of Emotion and Its Physical Correlates = 268
• The Generalization of Emotions in Aesthetic Experience = 269
• Indian and Western Views of Emotion : Some Comparative Ohservations = 273
• Emotion and Self-transformation in Religious Devotion = 275
• Historical Background of the Bhakti Movement and Its Philosophical Bases = 276
• The Literary and Artistic Context of the Path of Devotion = 278
• The Role of Fine and Performing Arts in Devotional Religion = 281
• The Interpretation of the Path of Devotion in Terms of the rasa Theory : The Views of J$${\bar i}$$va and RTEX>$$\bar u$$pa Gosv$${\bar a}$$m$${\bar i}$$ = 282
• Individual Differences among Devotees and Their Choices of Appropriate Forms of Relating to Krsna = 286
• The Ideal Devotee : Character and Rarity = 288
• Emotion and Self-transformation in Religious Devotion : A Psychological Interpretation = 290
• Notes = 297
• 6. Self-as-Agent : The Psychology of Action
• Views of Self-as-Agent in Western Thought and Some Parallels from India = 300
• Aristotle's Four "Causes" = 301
• St. Augustine : Psychology's Links with Theology = 303
• Francis Bacon : The Natural Science View of Knowledge = 306
• Thomas Hobbes : The Compatibility of Freedom and Determinism within a Physicalist Worldview = 310
• Ren$$e'$$ Descartes : Volition and the Mind-Body Dualism = 314
• Hume : Questioning the Efficacy of Causality and Volition = 317
• Immanuel Kant : A Rationalist View of Causality and Volition = 319
• The Existentialist Position : On Choosing One's Possibilities for the Future = 321
• The Polarization of Views on Free Will in Modern Western Thought = 323
• The Conative Revolution : The Open Advocacy and Tacit Acceptance of Human Agency in Contemporary Psychology = 324
• Karma and Determinism in the Traditional Indian Worldview = 326
• The Potency of Religious Rituals According to the System of M$$\bar i$$m$$\bar a$$ms$$\bar a$$ = 329
• Action and Its consequences in the Physical and Biological Context : Views of the Vai$$s'$$esika System = 330
• The Conception of Karma and Its Consequences in the Yoga System = 333
• Karma Yoga : The Method of Nonattached Action in the Bhagavad-G$$\bar i$$t$$\bar a$$ = 336
• Understanding the Doctrine of Karma in View of Contemporary Indian Concerns and Western Perspectives = 340
• The Doctrine of Karma from the Vantage Point of the Worldview of Science = 342
• Symbolic Worlds and the Is-Ought Distinction = 345
• Personhood, Agency, and Permanence = 347
• Notes = 350
• 7. Person, Self, Identity, and Consciousness
• Two Views = 354
• Self, Consciousness, and the Trilogy of Mind = 354
• Levels of Reality in Plato and in Advaita Vedanta = 358
• The Validation and Valuation of the Experience of the Self = 363
• The Relative Valuation of Being and Becoming = 367
• On Bridging the Gulf : Between Being and Becoming, East and West = 368
• Notes = 371
• Glossary of Sanskrit Terms = 373
• References = 379
• Credits = 401
• Name Index = 403
• Subject Index = 411