K-pop fandom has grown into a global phenomenon characterized by high levels of fan engagement. Prior research has established links between fandom participation and psychological well-being, yet the mechanisms through which different participation ty...
K-pop fandom has grown into a global phenomenon characterized by high levels of fan engagement. Prior research has established links between fandom participation and psychological well-being, yet the mechanisms through which different participation types affect psychological outcomes remain underexplored. This study examined the relationships between fandom participation, fandom motivation and well-being. Data were collected in March 2026 through an online survey distributed across fan community platforms. The sample consisted of 344 non-Korean K-pop fans aged 18 and older, recruited through online fan communities. Fandom motivation was measured using the Fandom Functions Scale, participation through self-reported frequency of engagement across social and task-oriented activities, and well-being using the PERMA-Profiler. A parallel multiple mediation analysis was conducted using bootstrapping procedures with 5,000 resamples in R. Results indicated that fandom motivation significantly predicted both social participation and task-oriented participation. However, only social participation significantly mediated the relationship between fandom motivation and overall well-being (β = .124, p = .004, 95% BC CI [0.025, 0.122]), whereas task-oriented participation showed no significant mediating effect (β = −.032, p = .528). The study contributes to fandom research by demonstrating that not all forms of participation produce equal psychological benefits and by focusing on an underrepresented population of non-Korean K-pop fans. Implications include the importance of prioritizing community-oriented engagement for psychological well-being and the potential psychological costs of heavily organized digital labor campaigns in fandom.