한말 일제초기 산림정책과 소유권 정리 = The Forest Policy and an Arrangement of Ownership from the Later Period of Korea Empire to the Early Period under the Rule of Japanese Imperialism

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the late of Chosun Dynasty, the increasing personal occupation of forest and the ownership dispute over forest as the result were expanded by encountering with the forest disseisin by foreign invasions since the opening of a port(開港). Korea Empire made it a principle to ban foreigners’ possession of lands and tired to identify the ownership over all estates by laws as well as recognizing the existing-ownership and traditional order of rural communities. Then, the substantial ownership and bound survey for the forest did not carry out since land survey was made preferentially. The Land Survey Project, however, was fundamentally for all estates within Korea Empire territory and accordingly, the project applied to the forest.
But the reformation of Korea Empire collapsed owing to a clash of interests to Japanese imperialism. Japanese imperialism adopted the declaration system through ‘the Forest Law(森林法) of 1908”, consequently, the forest in 14,000,000 Jeongbo(町步) came to belong to the national forest. While, this resulted in depriving the Korean people of their ownership over the forest and limiting their use of the forest, and became facing the resistance. Therefore, in 1911, ‘the Forest Ordinance’(森林令) was enacted. The Ordinance acknowledged 造林貸付(a loan on forestation) and 永年禁養(prohibition of many years cultivation) that gave the previous owners a chance to recover their titles over the forest. But, in reality, both of 造林貸付and 永年禁養 made it possible for the Japanese capitalists to own huge area of forest and made the persons, who had ownership interest in the past, ruled out from the forest.
The Forestry Survey Project(1917) was basically performed through declaration system and affiliation system and a person or corporation having ownership interest to the national forest was subject to declare. Breaking up and reorganizing the existing local system from Dong(洞) and Lee(里) to Myun(面) to correspond to the order of occupation by force, Japanese imperialism did not acknowledge the traditional ownership of families or mutual aid associations. Therefore, the forest area owned by Myun was extended and the meanings of common ownership and utilization for a forest gradually are devaluated.
All arguments including disputes being raised at the survey service were cleared by the establishment of ownership through the survey service for forest. During undergoing this process, exclusive ownership (一地一主) on all forest in Korea peninsula was established within the Japanese modern legal system. But the process of the establishment of forest ownership by Japanese Imperialism was that of the exclusion of Koreans from forest.