불교사회복지실천의 영성관점 확립을 위한 시론 = A study on the spirituality-perspective in the practice of Buddhist social work

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The spirituality-perspective among modern social work
practice theories resulted from the West’s rediscovery of
Eastern culture and religion. It was a kind of reaction to the
positivist's technique-oriented social work. As Spirituality has
been increasingly considered essential to understanding the whole
person, descriptions of it contained various themes. One theme
is a person's extreme experience with a transcendent dimension
of reality. The other refers to spirituality originating from the
deepest potential of the person. Spirituality-perspective has an
open-endedness to the client's development subjectively. It
seems Buddha and Nature are interrelated with one another,
mostly in transcendental transformation. Although positivist
social workers and scholars have criticized the spiritualityperspective
as being vague for a theoretical base of social work
practice, various intervention techniques have developed. Asidefrom social work, the spirituality has the tendency to be more
therapeutic in areas such as psychiatry, psychology, and nursing.
In the case of Buddhist social work, spirituality anticipates more
in-depth applications than any other clinical theory. However, the
progress is dull in reality. Even though the theoretical system of
spirituality has been built in principal, there is a lack of application
in fields and so in reality, feedback cannot be obtained from
experiences. Here I emphasize that Buddhist social work practice
based on spirituality needs to study assessment and intervention
skills more and to have a more preferable target population and a
theory systemic applying to the fields.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

사회복지실천(social work practice)에 있어서 영성관점은, 1970
년대를 전후로 서구사회가 동양사상과 문화를 재발견하면서 기존의
실증주의적·기술지향적 실천에 대한 반성의 한 결과이다. 여타 임
상이론들이 인간을 충분히 설명해주지 못한다는 비평과 함께, 영성
관점은 모든 인간에게 본질적으로 잠재하는 영적 성품에 주목한다.
그 성품이란, 인간 성장에 스스로 에너지를 제공하는 ‘본질로서의 영
성’이고, 어떤 초월적인 것(혹은 타자)과의 관계 속에서 삶의 의미를
넓혀 가는 ‘차원에서의 영성’이다. 영성관점은 인간이 개체적 자아를
넘어서 서로 연관되어 존재함을 깨닫는 전환적 경지를 내포한다. 이
는 불교의 ‘佛性’이나 ‘緣起法’ 교의에 근접한 개념으로서, 필자가 ‘불
교사회복지는 필연적으로 영성관점을 가진다’고 보는 근거이다. 사
회복지실천에서 영성관점에 의한 서비스는, 클라이언트의 취약점
대신에 강점을 신뢰하며, 클라이언트의 자기초월적이고 관계지향적
인 성장을 지원하는 것에서 출발한다. 영성은 초월적 의미를 가지고
종교와 밀접한 것으로도 생각되지만, 종교와 동일한 것은 아니다.그동안 사회복지실천에서 적용했던 영적 기법들은 일견 종교적으로
보이는 儀禮나 춤·음악·명상 등을 이용하였다. 따라서 종래의 과
학적 실증주의자들은 영성관점이 모호하다고도 지적하였지만, 점점
다양한 실천기법들이 개발되고 적절한 평가에 대한 논의가 늘고 있
다. 향후 불교사회복지의 영성관점을 발전시키기 위해서는 독자적
인 사정 및 개입의 기술·효과적인 적용과 평가·불교이론 적용의
체계화 등을 과제로 삼고, 무엇보다도 실천현장과 긴밀해져야 한다.

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