인장에 찍힌 비잔티움 사회 -정체성과 소통의 거울- = Byzantine Society Stamped on the Seals: Studies on Identities ,Communications

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper aims to explain in which a perspective of the study of Byzantine seals should be understood. Firstly, enormous efforts of publishing different collections in European and other countries that had ever been under direct or indirect influence of Byzantine authority show a high contribution of the lead seals to the other studies of Byzantine social, economical and military relations with neighbor countries. Secondly, the examinations of seals give insights into various aspects of Byzantine society. Different types of personal or institutional names, surnames, honorific titles, public functions or icons, all attested on the seals allow us to approach several kinds of analyses, for example, on the ethical origin, status, family background, kinship with the imperial family or others, public career and economical activity, promotional stage or administrative structure, religious piety, etc. Thus, this study is essentially concerned about the identities of all the members and institutions integrated into the Byzantine society. Finally, it is meaningful to highlight how the sealing functioned and to what extent it was considered important in the Byzantine world. Some literary and sigillographic sources inform the use of different weight of gold seal by emperors in diplomatic correspondences, the strict sealing process by several witness at the moment of testimony and judgment writing, the sealing on the soldier`s body and logistic products of the Army or the presence of imperial portrait on the seals of commercial tax agent, etc. All of the examples confirm that the seals were regarded as essential media for an authentic communication and exchange in the Byzantine world.

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