일본의 출산율 변화에 대한 정책적 함의 = Policy Implications Regarding Changes in the Japanese Rertility Rate

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper aimed to diagnose the issue of declining fertility in Japan and to derive policy implications for overcoming the low fertility rate in the future. Consequently, changes in Japan's fertility rate from the 1950s to the 2020s were examined, and major government-led childbirth promotion policies were reviewed. Furthermore, the participation rate of women in the labor force and the necessity of men's participation in parenting were reviewed as social factors influencing the fertility rate. Study results revealed that a major cause of the fertility decline was that married people were not giving birth. Subsequently, the proportion of the unmarried population increased due to negative perceptions of marriage, and the family model changed. The Abe administration primarily promoted parental leave policies to increase the number of daycare centers, free education, and increase women's rights and interests to expand childcare support. The Kishida government is currently focusing on expanding child allowance and social security for pregnant women.
Meanwhile, when compared to OECD countries, Japan's childbirth promotion policy has problematically reached below the OECD average. Moreover, it was determined that the increase in women's labor participation, men's participation in childcare to improve marriage satisfaction, and household sharing were linked to the fertility rate. Along with these factors, the psychological support of women was paramount in consideration for improving Japan's policy for increasing birth rates.

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