주요 국가 대테러기관의 역할과 기능 비교 분석 = Comparative Analysis of the Roles and Functions of Major National Counterterrorism Agencies

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article aims to identify ways to improve Korea's counter-terrorism system by comparing the functions and roles of counter-terrorism agencies in major advanced security nations. Recently, international terrorist threats have become complex and multi-layered due to advancements in digital technology, increased cross-border mobility, and the proliferation of autonomous, loosely organized networks. In response, countries have been building sophisticated counter-terrorism systems that go beyond traditional intelligence gathering systems and incorporate information integration, inter-agency cooperation, radicalization prevention, and digital and cyber based threat response. Korea has been reorganizing its system around the National Counter-Terrorism Center (NCTC) and the Terrorism Intelligence Integration Center (TIIC) since the enactment of the ACT ON COUNTER-TERRORISM FOR THE PROTECTION OF CITIZENS AND PUBLIC SECURITY in 2016. Korea still has institutional and operational limitations in areas such as inter-agency intelligence integration, terrorist group designation criteria, radicalization prevention systems, and technology-based response capabilities compared to the Office of National Intelligence (ODNI) and National Counter-Terrorism Center (NCTC) in the US, MI5, MI6, and GCHQ in the UK, and the Presidential National Counter-Terrorism Center (NCTC) in France. Ultimately, the core tasks of the domestic counter-terrorism system include strengthening inter-agency information sharing and integration, refining the concept of terrorism and criteria for designating terrorist organizations, establishing a social response system centered on preventing radicalization, strengthening digital and cyber based counter-terrorism capabilities, expanding international cooperation and enhancing information exchange systems, and fostering specialized personnel and strengthening organizational capacity.