An overview of managerial economics in the health care system

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• PREFACE = ix
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS = xiii
• CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION = 1
• Health Security Act of 1993 = 2
• Health Care Policy for the $$21^{st}$$ Century : Toward an Efficient and Effective Health Care System = 4
• Integrated Delivery System = 5
• Population-Based Health Care = 6
• Demand for Value = 8
• Conclusion = 11
• CHAPTER 2 SOME BASIC ECONOMIC CONCEPTS = 14
• Health Care and Economics = 14
• Opportunity Cost = 16
• Trade-Offs = 17
• Economic Efficiency = 18
• Time Preference = 20
• Market Approach = 21
• The Elementary Model(Law of Supply and Demand) = 21
• Demand Function = 22
• Factors Determining Demand = 22
• The Reason Behind Downward Sloping Demand Curves = 24
• Consumer Surplus = 24
• Factors Determining Supply = 26
• Equilibrium = 26
• Price Elasticity of Demand = 27
• Uniqueness of Health Care Markets = 29
• Uncertainty = 29
• Moral Hazard = 30
• Asymmetric Knowledge = 30
• Patient and Physician Relationship = 30
• Externalities = 31
• Individual vs. Social Perspective = 32
• Implications for Cost Control = 32
• Marginal Benefit vs. Total Benefit = 33
• Reducing Demand through Managed Care(Efficient Health System) = 35
• Conclusions = 36
• CHAPTER 3 THE DEMAND FOR HEALTH INSURANCE = 40
• Risk Attitude = 41
• Expected Value = 42
• Certainty Equivalent(CE) = 42
• Utility Function = 43
• Expected Utility Function = 43
• The Demand for Insurance = 45
• Determinants of Health Insurance Demand = 47
• Other Factors Affecting Demand = 48
• Moral Hazard = 48
• Adverse Selection = 49
• Tax Subsidy = 50
• The Economic Theory of Employer-Paid Benefits = 52
• Conclusion = 53
• CHAPTER 4 THE CHANGING HEALTH CARE MARKET = 56
• What is Managed Care? = 57
• Health Care Purchaser Strategy : Managed Care = 58
• Provider Strategy : Integrated Delivery System = 59
• Impact on Costs = 62
• Conclusion = 64
• CHAPTER 5 THE HIGH COST OF HEALTH CARE = 67
• How Much Does our Health Care Cost? = 67
• Why is our Health Care so Expensive? = 70
• Cost Control Model = 73
• Managed Care and Health Care Cost Growth = 74
• Why Worry About Health Care Costs? = 77
• Conclusion = 79
• CHAPTER 6 THE MULTIPLE DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH = 82
• Health Policy Goal : Improving Community Health = 83
• The Production of Health = 83
• What is Health? = 85
• Determinants of Health = 86
• Social Environment and Prosperity = 87
• Genetic Endowment = 91
• Physical Environment = 91
• Lifestyle = 91
• Implications = 92
• Healthy People 2000 = 94
• Conclusion = 94
• CHAPTER 7 INTEGRATED DELIVERY SYSTEM = 98
• The Move to Integrated Delivery Systems = 99
• The Core Characteristics of IDS = 100
• Having a Community Health Focus = 100
• Providing a Seamless Continuum of Care = 101
• Horizontal and Vertical Integration = 101
• Managing within Fixed Resources = 104
• Performance of Organized Delivery System = 104
• Case Studies = 105
• Moses Cone Health System, Greensboro, North Carolina = 105
• Legacy Health System, Portland, Oregon = 106
• Henry Ford Health System = 107
• Conclusion = 108
• CHAPTER 8 MEASURING COSTS = 110
• The concept of Total Illness Cost = 111
• Perspective = 111
• Types of Resource Costs = 111
• Direct Costs = 112
• Indirect Costs = 113
• Variable and Fixed Costs = 113
• Marginal Cost versus Average Cost = 114
• Sunk Cost versus Incremental Cost = 114
• Learning Curve = 115
• Applications = 115
• Total Cost of Illness = 115
• The Role of Incremental Cost in Reducing Average Length of Stay(ALOS) = 118
• Marginal Analysis to Maximize Net Income : An Example = 121
• Total Cost of Illness and the Effective Health Care Cost Management = 122
• Conclusion = 123
• CHAPTER 9 CONNECTING VALUE AND COST : COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS = 126
• What Does Economic Evaluation Mean? = 127
• Basic Types of Economic Evaluation = 127
• Perspective = 128
• Decision Rules for Resource Allocation Using CEA = 129
• Independent Programs = 129
• Willingness To Pay(WTP) = 131
• Adjusting for Time Preference = 132
• CEA as an Aid to Decision-Making = 134
• Conclusion = 138
• CHAPTER 10 CONCLUSION = 141
• APPENDIX A - ANSWERS TO SELECTED QUESTIONS = 145
• GLOSSARY = 149
• INDEX = 154